Comparison and Contrast

Long Distance Relationship Relationship is built when a man and a woman want to make a commitment between them and hope to make their relationship last forever. Everything will bee done in order to make their relationship keep going until marriage. On the other side, there is a kind of relationship between people who live separately far away but they keep having relationship between them in the name of love, trust, and faith. That kind of relationship we call it long distance relationship. Not all of LDR (Long Distance Relationship) couple can make it through until marriage.They have bigger problems than couple who don't live far away and can meet each other easily. The problems are the distance where they live are far away, they need to spend more money to keep commonicating each other, and the worst is they can cheat each other. They will meet those problems which can cause them to break up. The first problem in LDR is actually the distance. They live far away and they can not meet each other everyday. When those couple live separately far away they will suffer for some things like loneliness, miss each other, and they can not share the same thing and time together.How a man can cheer his woman up when they live far away? This kind of thing will effect to their feeling in relationship. The only way to keep contact each other just by phone or texting message. When they see a couple who always spend time together in weekend the LDR couple will feel sad because how can they have a relationship but it is hard to meet each other. Those kind of thing will cause them to fight and they need to more understand each other about this kind of relationship.Then second problem is they need to spend more money than an usual couple. When the distance come as the problem they need to spend more money to meet their couple who live far away. They have to take transportion for example by plane for those couple who live different country. They need more money to buy tickets, the expensive phone bills, and internet. In order to make them keep contact each other they need to send messages everyday or when they are missing each other they will have a phone night call to hear their couple voice.Meanwhile, for those couple who using internet they can use skype, twitter, or facebook. They use skype in order to see each other face instead of go to their place who live far away. Besides money, it really need to spend more time to communicate each other and it might distract their activities such as work, school, or house things. When their lost of time to communicate each other by phone or internet it will raise the couriousity for them because LDR couple will have more bad feelings and couriousity because they never meet each other.The last thing and even the worst thing is they can cheat each other without think about their couple feeling who live far away. Not all of people can survive from this kind of relationship. They need to meet the person who they love, s pend time together, and share the same thing which the like. Therefore, they want to have an usual relationship who can make them always bee together with their couple. The man or woman who can not get rid of this kind of feeling will cheat behind their couple.

How did Stalin come to power and stay there? Essay

Stalin came to power in 1929, after out-manoeuvring his opposition in the Communist Party through political scheming and taking advantage of the mistakes they made. He stayed in power by getting rid of his opponents in brutal and unfair ways. It took Stalin 5 years to become completely established as Lenin’s successor. Stalin started his climb to power when Lenin gave him the important job of requisitioning grain from Southern farmers in order to feed the North. As a reward for this, Lenin made him responsible for the Red Army in the South. This brought him in direct conflict with Trotsky. He was then given the position of General Secretary of the party. By taking on many important jobs he was able to create an important power base because he had many supporters who owed their position to him. Before Lenin died, he had to decide who would succeed him; the obvious two choices were Trotsky and Stalin. Although it was very close Lenin had wanted Trotsky to be the one, this was a major draw back for Stalin. No one really knew about this until after Lenin died. Lenin’s funeral was a good time for Stalin to be back at the top. Before the funeral he had told Trotsky, who was ill at the time, that it was on a different date to the time it really was. As Trotsky was out of the picture for a while, it meant Stalin could take the glory for organising the funeral and leading the mourning. When Trotsky arrived for what he thought was the date of the funeral, he was told that he had missed it and this put him out of favour with the people of Russia. When Lenin’s Testament was about to be released to the public, Zinoviev saved Stalin from losing his chance by saying that it was out of date and it was never made public. By this time Stalin was Head of the Control Commission, which meant he could purge and expel members who were unreliable and control party membership. He was also made the party’s Orgburo; this meant he ran its’ organisational matters. By this time, Trotsky was furious and in his anger he gave up his only symbol of power by resigning as Commissar of War. Trotsky seriously underestimated the threat that Stalin was to him until it was too late. He was arrogant and often offended other senior Party members and made little effort to build up support for himself in the ranks of the Party. Many people in the USSR were frightened of him because they were worried that he would involve the USSR in new wars. They were tired of war and revolution and Stalin seemed to understand the people’s feelings. Stalin was now in the spotlight; he joined the Rightists, attacked the leftists and forced them out, this left space that was filled immediately by Stalin’s supporters. He then turned on the Rightists, voted then out and filled these spaces with more of his supporters. By his 50th birthday in December 1929, Stalin was finally made Leader of the Soviet Union and Stalin’s supporters now filled most of the Politburo. Once Stalin was in power he found it easy to stay there, through harsh ways he defeated his opponents. As Stalin’s supporters now filled the Politburo, he now had a good relationship with the members, which meant he could make as many new policies as he wanted without having people oppose them. Stalin made new economic and social policies all of which were carried through. As part of his economic policies, Stalin decided to modernise the USSR as it was far behind any other country, technology wise. Stalin himself said, â€Å"We are 50 to 100 years behind the advanced countries.† To start with brought peasants in from the country to towns to work in newly built factories. He dedicated these factories to building artillery. He came up with 3 ‘Five Year Plans’ each of which were set up to enable the USSR to ‘Catch-Up’ with technology. The 1st FYP was dedicated to building new industrial cities from nothing and setting up steel mills in many places. The 2nd FYP was focused on the 1st but built upon it. Heavy industry was still a priority but other areas, such as mining for lead, tin, zinc and other minerals, transport and communications and railways and canals, were developed. The 3rd FYP was in 1938. Some factories were to switch to the production of consumer goods such as, cars, radios, clothing etc; however, this plan was disrupted by the Second World War and so was not completed. Stalin also made some social polices which helped him keep the USSR under control; most of these were harsh and brutal. For example, he arrested people if they had links to Trotsky, he sent workers to labour camps, and he would put people in show trials for making the slightest mistake. These were important because people lived in fear and this made him very powerful because it squashed any opposition. Other policies, however, made him popular because they improved the way people lived, for example he improved living conditions for people throughout the USSR and he made factories produce consumer goods. This made the public happy. Education and religion were also factors of Stalin’s social policies, children in schools were shown pictures of party leaders which they burned when a new person was arrested and churches were closed and the ‘League of Militant Atheists’ was set up. These were both ways of subduing the public into supporting Stalin, which kept him in power longer. Another factor that helped Stalin stay in power was the fact that he was a cult figure; everybody knew Stalin was the leader, whole buildings were covered in portraits of his face and almost everything was named after him. He had many other names such as ‘Man of Steel’, ‘Iron Soldier’ and Universal Genius’, which proved how much the public liked him. People at meetings applauded whenever his name was mentioned and films, poems, plays, stories and novels celebrated his life. It even seemed Stalin could improve some ones love life. This all was a very important factor, which helped Stalin stay in power because he was so popular. Stalin was able to succeed Lenin because he was a very clever politician and planned his rise to power very carefully. He made sure he was close to Lenin so that he was popular with the people. He used the positions of power that he held very shrewdly by making sure that anyone who opposed him lost their job and putting in their place people who would support him. He was very ruthless and played those who opposed him, such as Trotsky and Bukharin, off against one another. Once in power he ruled by fear by controlling the people so that they would be too afraid to oppose him. He used the secret police to crush any opposition. He remained popular with the people by developing the ‘Cult of the Personality’; history was rewritten so that Lenin and Stalin were the only heroes of the Revolution. He used propaganda to good effect especially in Education. Portraits, photographs and statues of Stalin were everywhere and everything was done to promote Stalin from street names to poems about him or music composed praising him. Religious worship was banned, as he did not want the people to have any loyalty other than to him. Stalin had control of everything, from the economy to the mass media and freedom of speech was denied to Soviet citizens. So it was by these means that Stalin was able to take power and hold on to it after Lenin’s death. Bibliography: My Coursework Book Modern World History Text Book

Balanced Score

Introducing Balance Score In this article I will explain your critical vision, mission, values, and critical thinking on how to achieve your goals from SWOTT analysis. Vision Our vision is to make a well-respected, well-respected company that creates national fashion while providing handbags and accessories in the Bible in manga characters and the Bible. Vision defines the organization's future goals. It reflects an optimistic view of the organization's future. The Balanced Scorecard is defined as a strategic planning and management system that aligns business activities with the organization's vision statement. With simpler and more realistic terms, the Balanced Scorecard attempts ambiguous translation in anticipation of the company's mission. This statement will better manage the usefulness of the business at all levels. To create your own Balanced Scorecard, the advantage of using a Balanced Scorecard for a corporate mission statement is that you can easily display a summary of fi nancial indicators and non-financial indicators compared to each goal. The mix (expressed in many words many details ...) report. After implementing balanced scorecards within your organization, the process should improve. One of the best tools a manager has is a balanced scorecard. Do you remember the 5th week of the bowling alley manager? Create a balanced scorecard for him and explain how to use the balanced scorecard to help him measure and probably improve the problem. It is important to deal with how the scorecard approach fits the administrative control functions. Specifically, please use the scorecard to review manager's questions. How can we solve problems that occurred in branch offices? Balanced scorecards are the most commonly used management tool in an organization. Ryanair's strategic management system can be described with a balanced scorecard. To improve operational efficiency, Ryanair has focused on four main areas: finance, customers, business processes, and learni ng and development. In order to achieve the goal of becoming the lowest cost supplier to the European aviation industry, Ryanair set standards for cost management activities. Since it is currently the industry's lowest cost supplier, we developed our own benchmark. For example, in 2003, we reduced the cost of wheelchair services by providing third-party wheelchair suppliers that provide wheelchairs to passengers.

Imperialism in the nineteenth century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Imperialism in the nineteenth century - Essay Example Some countries and corporations within this system accumulate a lot of power and wealth. However some states recorded failure both politically and also economically. The European nations which had become industrialized gained dominance in the world systems. This was contrary to the fact that these nations were weak and marginalized on the few centuries before. The rapid industrialization gave these European countries a rapid growth and they also acquired great military power. Discussion Competition control in the nineteenth century There are different methods that different people used to gain success in business in the nineteenth century. Andrew Carnegie for instance employed the use of the vertical integration. This method involved the use of control on every step in the manufacturing process of the product. This method dominated the market in that century. The vertical integration method had the advantage of saving cost as a result of the integration. This allowed the business to sell products at a cheaper cost compared to those that had not been integrated. An example to this was that the horse company could be the owner of the food farm, Saddle Company and other related group of companies (Hobson 30). Other groups of people such as John D. Rockefeller employed the use of horizontal method of integration. This method involved the control of the entire market in the process. An example was to buy every steel producing company in the region. The idea behind the purchase of all the producing companies was to create a monopoly in the market (Hobson 32).

Thomas Aquinas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Thomas Aquinas - Essay Example He tried to merge the principles of Christianity with Aristotelian philosophy1. Summa Theologica and the Summa contra Gentiles were his greatest works. Because of his great contributions, he was referred to as the Doctor of the Church and was considered the greatest philosopher and theologian. Aquinas was born in Roccasecca in the year 1225 in his father’s castle. He began his education at an early age of five years at Monte Cassino. Later he joined the university where he was introduced to Maimonides, Aristotle, and Averroes, all of whom influenced his career in theology and philosophy. He decided to join the Dominican Order at the age of nineteen, which his family opposed fiercely. His brothers later took him back home before he could reach Rome. He has later held a prisoner in his father’s castle for one year for defiance. Theodora tried to persuade him to abandon his mission to no avail. As a result, the sister assisted him to escape in order to save the family’s name. On the 7th day of March 1274, he died while commentating on the Songs of Songs. Even though he was a scholastic philosopher, he never considered himself one and would criticize other philosophers and call them pagans. He criticized them for "falling short of the true and proper wisdom to be found in Christian revelation." For this reason, he developed a lot of respect for Aristotle and always referred to him as â€Å"the philosopher†. His work has had a major influence on Christian theology, particularly for the Catholic Church and extended to the Western philosophy2. He did a lot of commentary work on Aristotle’s works which include; Metaphysics, Nicomachean ethics and On the Soul. He believed "that for the knowledge of any truth whatsoever man needs divine help, that the intellect may be moved by God to its act.† He also believed that humans possess a unique and natural ability to know very many things without divine intervention from God.

Planning Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Planning Report - Essay Example This plan establishes strategies and policies which are aimed at achieving the county’s long term vision. Upon its approval, the General Plan will update the 2006 Vicinity and Bowie master plans policies and recommendations. The staff in the meeting wanted to brief the Council on the current re-planning efforts together with the scheduled proposed plan topics goals and the scheduled outreach strategy to the public (Levy, 2012). Elements of the report and those involved in the meeting The meeting took place in November1, 2012 and the main subject of the meeting was County General Plan Update Briefing. The meeting took place in the Council Hearing Room, County Administration Building, and Upper Marlboro in Maryland. The Prince Georgie’s County Planning Commissioners are the ones who participated in the meeting. Accord relative to the agenda Relative to the agenda, an accord was set forth. For example, all items which were listed under the Consent Agenda were distributed t o every member of the Planning Board for review. All items are also considered to be routines and will be acted upon by the Board by one motion. The main agenda for the meeting was to strategize on how the city can update or improve on the 2002 Prince George General Plan and this agenda was followed to the latter. ... This is because the meeting created a room for the participation of all members and also stimulated creativity among the members. This can be attributed to the central location of the meeting which did not make any member feel inconvenienced. The seats in the meeting room were arranged in circle in a way which all the members could see each other. This encourages participation in the meeting and makes every member to feel part of the meeting. The meeting was well coordinated with a leader and all members had their names written on their seats and this is to enhance participation and identification. Water provided to the members provides a nice touch to the meeting and the round table used in the meeting helps to prevent all barriers of communication. What was discussed in the meeting? All the strategies necessary for the improvement of the Prince George General Plan were discussed during the meeting in accordance to the agenda of the meeting (Beatley, 2005). A discussion of the count y wide planning including the James Rowley Training center in the United States Secret Service was discussed together with the Campus master plan update and the proposed development. Improvement of the Kreative Kids Child Care Center was also discussed in the same meeting. The proposed designation of the three Prince Georges County Historic Sites was also discussed in the report as part of its county wide planning division (Levy, 2012). The improvement on Beech Tree, South Village as part of the specific design plan of the meeting was also discussed during the meeting. A detailed site plan of all the projects proposed for improvements were also discussed. Generally, the meeting mainly discussed on all strategies which can help the county in the improvement of the 2002

Surrealism Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Surrealism Movement - Essay Example The paper "Surrealism Movement" concerns the movement of surrealism. The movement is all about freedom: the creator is free to create whatever s/he wants with no regard to aesthetics, morality or even reason. Interestingly enough, Breton, in the First Manifesto clarified that the basic tenets of surrealism are not limited to art only, but can also be applicable to all of our lives. So it can be assumed that whenever one is liberating one’s imagination, one is engaging in surrealism. A movement of complete freedom, the only thing forbidden in surrealism is to forbid any form of expression. Whether it is discontinuity, or placing completely incompatible objects together, or using fantastical creatures or imagery, everything is acceptable and legitimate in surrealism. Some artists even took to a technique called automatic drawing, whereby they let their hands draw on paper without any conscious thought, however, they did admit that the process was not entirely without conscious e ffort as they had to render it to be comprehensible on a certain level. Among the more famous of the proclaimed Surrealist artists are Max Ernst, Salvador Dali, Kansuke Yamamoto, and MÃ ©ret Oppenheim. However, there are many artists who have dabbled in surrealism without really proclaiming themselves to be surrealists, for instance, Pablo Picasso. When it comes to surrealist writers, most people find it difficult to understand them, because there is no sense of continuity in them. However, such writers lay more emphasis on the poetic undertones.

Career Coaching & Personal Development Assignment

Career Coaching & Personal Development - Assignment Example The week’s lecture involved the use of questionnaire one of which had been prepared by our lecturer. The module highlighted Person-environment (P-E) fit theory of organizational behavior, which forms the basis for assessing and predicting our personality, determine our skills and our preferable careers. The first questionnaire was about scoring myself on my skill. We first filled a questionnaire followed by adding up our scores. I scored highest on People Skills, which suggested that I like carrying out activities such as management, guiding others, in addition to activities that require persuasiveness.These traits suggested that my preferable careers were management, as well as other jobs in the field of business. This was encouraging since I had never considered myself persuasive. These findings made me realize that I had more potential than I had previously thought and needed to be open-minded since I could do other jobs other than management. The next questionnaire was on Career Directions Indication, which was based on the model of John Holland in the form of a hexagon, depicting the six different personalities or themes, which include Realistic, Investigative, Artistic Social, Enterprising, and conventional. People who share the same personality prefer working together and have a specific work environment in which they perform best.   Holland’s model is based on Person-environment (P-E) fit theory and denotes the congruence, match, or connection between the personalities and environment. Understanding one's personality is important in that it helps one choose a career that provides the appropriate environment.  It was intriguing to learn that all individuals may be associated with this model of personality types and that one can fall in up to three of these themes. The model is hexagonal and the different personalities are arranged such that personality types that are neighbouring share some similarities while those lying oppositely diff er more. I eagerly completed the questionnaire and the results proposed that I fall into is ‘Enterprising’, ‘Social’ and ‘conventional’ themes. This was captivating since the three personality types lie adjacent to each other. Being in enterprising category meant that I prefer managerial and sales type of jobs, which is true.

Macro and Micro Economics. What is the subject matter of economics Essay

Macro and Micro Economics. What is the subject matter of economics - Essay Example The scope of Economics revolves around many things some of which are factor pricing, product pricing, income, demand, economic growth and welfare. The study of economics attempts to gain a glimmer of light on how and why the wealth of the world gets produced, distributed and finally consumed. It not only examines the local market, but it also everything at the global levels. Class structures and wealth distribution, the role of government and politicians, demand and supply of products and services, division of labor and other countless factors are all encompassed in economics. It attempts to explain the production system in the world and why they function the way they do (ILO, 2013). Arguably, one of the most inalienable factors in the definition of the subject matter of economics is division of labor. According to International Labour Organization, the current distribution of labor is a positive factor contributing to the economic climate today. Labor gets distributed not only betwe en companies and countries but also within a company. Wage disparity occurs between the laborers and capitalists, a condition that results from division of labor. The laborers will thus have low buying powers in comparison to the business owners. This means that their economic standard will always be lower than that of capitalists. Division of labor is thus effective as a clear vision of the subject matter of economics. Economics study is not effective if we fail to discuss the two main divisions of economics namely macroeconomics and microeconomics. Macroeconomics is a branch of economics which looks into, the behavior, decision-making and performance of an economy as a whole and not as individual markets. The World Trade Organization makes use of GDP, unemployment and price indices in a bid to understand how the economy functions. In macro economics, models get used to explain the relationship between such factors like national income, output, consumption, unemployment, savings, i nflation and international finance (IMF, 2013). Macro economics is such a broad field of study and there are two main areas of research considered emblematic of the discipline. This is the attempt to give an account of the causes and consequences of short-run fluctuations in the national income (the business cycle) and an attempt to understand the determinants of a long-run economic growth. In most cases, macroeconomic models and their focuses get utilized by governments to assist them in their development and evaluation of economic policies. Some of these policies include the monetary policies, fiscal policies and comparison policy. Further, macroeconomics encompasses output and income, unemployment and inflation & deflation as the three major variables of its research (IMF, 2013). Thus, the subject matter of macroeconomics revolves around the three aspects of national aggregates; stability, growth and stability of the community at large. Most variables of macroeconomics get relate d with employment, inflation, unemployment issues and import and export matters of a nation or between nations. Microeconomics is the branch of economics that analyzes market behaviors at a level of individual consumers and firm. This it does in the attempt to understand the underlying decision-making processes of firms and households. It majorly concerns itself with the interaction between individual buyers and sellers (IMF, 2013). In particular, macro economics mainly focuses on supply and demand patterns, as well as price and output determination at these individual markets. The strength of microeconomics crops from the simplicity of its underlying structure and its closeness in contact with the

Cultural Anthropology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cultural Anthropology - Essay Example Language being one of the most powerful tools of communications, it acts as a connection between two or more people hence enhancing knowledge of the society, as well as the residents of South Korea. Korean, being the official language spoken by South Koreans, is not only spoken in this country, but also all over the world. Moreover, English is taught in both middle and high school. Recently, Chinese has been increasingly popular as the South Koreans rediscover their ancient ties to China as a trading partner. Almost all the schools teach English due to the country’s tight diplomatic ties with United States of America. It is in this country where literacy level is as high as 98 percent and due to its homogeneity; almost everyone speaks Korean. Here, the education system is organized in a 6-3-3-4 pattern, with six grades of elementary school, where kindergarten is not included in the formal education system, three grades in the middle school, another three in high school and fou r years of higher education. With effect from 1953, elementary education was made free and compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 11 years. Practical and fine arts, social studies, arithmetic music natural science, physical education, moral education and Korean language are the basics of the curriculum. Admissions into middle school have been through a lottery system by zones so as to ease distinctions between schools of different quality. A curriculum includes 11 required subjects, electives and extra-curricular activities. High school education is a bit advanced as it provides advanced general and specific training based on middle school work. Also, it is based on entrance examination and is not free. Higher education institutions include four year colleges, universities and miscellaneous colleges such as seminaries. About 80 percent of these institutions are private but supervised by the Ministry of Education (pp.110). Â  The traditional Buddhist and Christianity are the two predominant religions practiced in South Korea. However, these religions have been influenced significantly by the native Korean peninsula, Joseon Dynasty, shamanism and the Korean Confucianism that was the official ideology for over 500 years. However, the most recent estimates show that approximately 46 percent of Koreans have no affiliations to any religion. Among the Christians, Protestants have outnumbered the Roman Catholics. Christianity was introduced here in the 18th century by the Jesuit Missionaries. While 17 protestant missionaries operate in the country, Catholics have only six missionary groups and 15 dioceses. Most of the people here who are Buddhists are members of the Mahayana school that is also practiced in China, Vietnam and Japan. Confucianism was the official religion from the 14th to the 20th centuries and also ensured Korean social order. It encouraged devotion to family, friends, worship of ancestors and family, peace, harmony, justice and ethica l living. Shamanism is the country’s oldest religion and still exists in many, diverse forms such as shamanism organizations throughout the country. Other religions include the Jesus Morning Star Church, Mormons, Jehovah’s Witness, Muslims and Taoism (pp. 107). Many Koreans hold to the belief that certain foods are eaten to treat various illnesses. Many South Koreans dislike iced beverages, and many avoid milk products as they are lactose intolerant. Here, vegetables and rice are the staple foods. A typical meal is comprised of steamed rice (pap), a type of soup known as kuk and raw vegetables (banchan). Meals are eaten in silence as it is inappropriate to speak while eating especially in the presence of an elder. Rice is eaten with a spoon and lifting the rice bowl to the mouth is ill manners. Kimchee, a Korean

Harold Lasswell Essay Example for Free

Harold Lasswell Essay Harold Lasswell, political scientist, defines politics as a power struggle about who gets what, when, and how. David Easton defines politics as an allocation of resources. David Easton defines politics as the authoritative allocation of values or scarce resources. These resources are divided in three general types. Describe these types. The three resources are: 1. Political resources: This resource refers to the country’s power, prestige, and status, backed by their military power.  They are called scarce resources because they are looked at in the hierarchical arrangement in the world order. 2. Economic resources: This resource includes the state’s financial resources (wealth, annual national income, supply of capital, and investment opportunities), industrial and agricultural production, and natural resources (oil, coal, water, and mineral resources). These are also scarce resources as well such as Oil and Water. We must consider we can do without Oil but not Water.  It is possible we might see water wars likely in the 21st century. 3. Social and cultural resources: This resource is related, not directly, to the global struggle for power (The struggle to compete for and reach dominance in an organization, a state, a region of the world, or the whole world). Unlike the other two resources, these resources are scarce and unequally distributed around the globe. As if you were a policy decision maker, recommend to your President which of these resources the government should focus on acquiring. As a policy decision maker, I would recommend to my President to utilize all three resources. I really believe I would tell the President to be more accountable with all the resources. I would recommend to our President to choose the Economic resource first. I chose this first because of our country is facing at this moment are tremendous hardships. Because we did not get ourselves in this situation, we are facing what the previous President’s decision and we are cleaning up now. Discuss how you can achieve the maximum allocation for the resources you choose. I really believe that I would have done by taxing all like the President has. I would also give back like he has done by giving back 5% of his income. All the congress would have to give back 5% of their income. I would cut back on the costs of entertaining that goes on within the White House. The traveling costs and the entertaining would have to balance each other out. The second that I would choose Education and jobs as well as healthcare is my next goal. I would make sure the Veterans and the Seniors as well as the people who are disable.

Importance of Teachers Essay Example for Free

Importance of Teachers Essay A teacher affects eternity; he can never tell where is influence stops. Henry Adams Teaching is a timeless profession. It is the basis of all other professions. Good teachers plant seed that make good doctors, good accountants, good public servants, good statesmen, good taxi drivers, and good astronauts. When former students return to see me over the years, my heart fills up in the knowledge that I have been part of a wonderful accumulation of experiences that followed them through life. Mary Bicouvaris. If your plan is for a year, plant rice. If your plan is for a decade, plant trees. If our plan is for a lifetime, educate children. Confucius I am a teacher because of teachers. They showed me that someone other than my mother could love me. Guy Doud In a completely rational society, the best of us would be teachers and the rest of us would have to settle for something else. Lee Iacocca What else is needed is something that teachers themselves are reluctant to talk about openly and it’s our respect for them. It’s what is missing in America, and it’s what has been too long withheld from a profession so important to our national well being, as important as doctors or captains of industry or TV commentators. From sunup to sundown, the school teachers you have seen tonight work harder than you do – no matter what you do. No calling in our society is more demanding than teaching. No calling in our society is more selfless than teaching. No calling in our society is more central to the vitality of a democracy than teaching. Roger Mudd To me the sole hope of human salvation lies in teaching. George Bernard Shaw Each of these quotes speaks to me, not merely because I am a teacher, although that is part of it. Like Guy Doud, I am in part a teacher because of other teachers, and love – directly expressed or not – was certainly part of it. It was my AP American History teacher Thomas Rock who challenged me to live up to what I could do, and it was Music Professor John Davison who demonstrated the deep love for every student who passed through his care, including me. I hope that I return both lessons with my own students. I know the importance of respect. I cannot demand it from my students but must earn it, in large part by acting with respect towards them. It might be helpful were the media and many politicians and far too many parents not reinforcing a different attitude. In part it is because we do not pay teachers, and if they make so little, they cannot be that important, right? Except, as I might note, in one 45 minute period I spend more quality time with some of my students than they get from their parents, which is a different tragedy. Our society needs to reexamine how we value people, and not have such an emphasis on money and overt power. The Henry Adams quote is one I have long cherished. The affects of my own teachers continue on me today. And I have now taught long enough to be no longer be surprised at some of the students who come back to thank me. It worries me that some of my long-term affects upon students might not be so salutary, which is one reason I try to be aware of how my words and actions can have impact far beyond their immediate purpose. I am only in my 13th year of teaching, but am already experiencing some of what Mary Bicouvaris writes about. If you are a parent, you have every right to demand that your children’s teachers see them as individuals, but please remember yours may be one of almost 200 children that teacher deals with every day. If you want more personal attention for your child, demand smaller classrooms, lower student loads per teacher so that they are capable of giving that attention. If you are a policy maker, remember that the decisions you make can support or prevent the kind of teaching environment that makes a difference in the life of a child. Teaching is about much more than cramming information into heads so that it can be given back on high stakes tests which really do not tell us all that much useful information. All of us have had teachers. And even if we were too shy, or too stubborn, to express our thanks at the time, we can always drop a note or make a call, or if possible stop by and say hello, and thank those who made a difference for us. Sometimes we worry about the students who pass through our care, that we did not do enough, care enough, and it can help a teacher who is wondering whether to continue the struggle to hear of the differences s/he made. Sometimes that can be the one thing that keeps a teacher going for one more year. I know I can make a difference. And I am not making these requests on my own behalf. But while I claim to speak for no one except myself, I also acknowledge that I have a voice – and a keyboard – that seems to be able to express in ways others may not be able to, to reach eyes and ears and minds to which many do not have access. So this is my offering today. It is about the importance of teachers. You probably already know about that importance, but I figured a gentle reminder might not hurt. Peace.

Internationalization Strategies | Suzuki and Essel Propack

Internationalization Strategies | Suzuki and Essel Propack 1) Introduction Of the many internationalization theories posited, the Uppsala model (Cavusgil, 1980, Johanson Vahlne, 1977) stands out as the most popular and will form the basis of this analysis of this analysis of the internationalization strategy adopted by the companies mentioned in this case study. This model hypothesizes the internationalization process is a result of an epistemic understanding of the internationalization market. The internationalization process is a result of a gradual improvement in the understanding of the international and takes place in a linear sequential fashion. In essence, The Uppsala model construes internationalization intent as an outcome of the psychic distance between two locations i.e similarities between markets in terms of business culture and market understanding influence the decision to penetrate that market (Johanson Vahlne, 1977). The Uppsala model consists of the following stages:- †¢ Need Based Sporadic Exports †¢ Regular Exports through Independent Agents †¢ Creation of subsidiaries abroad to commercialize their product †¢ Producing their products abroad 2) Companies Analyzed The companies that I have selected to analyze are:- a. Essel Propack ( Indian sub-continent Tubing Industry ) b. Suzuki ( Japan Automobiles) The companies have been selected primarily due to convenience of data available online and the fact that both companies are held by parents which operate in major international markets. 3) Essel Propack The case study reveals how a company (Essel Propack) based in an emerging market transforms into an innovative, high-tech industry and a leading player in the tubing industry. A large number of firms from developing markets are now tuning into international markets with the intent of turning into multinationals. These firms are giving substantial competition to existing multinational companies from developed countries. Starting from a developing country, Essel Propack today has twenty-four manufacturing facilities in 13 countries, and has a compelling 32 per cent (estimated) global market share. Clearly then, it has emerged as the leading specialty packaging company in the world. The key to the success of EPLs internationalization strategy has been to effectively use acquisitions to grow and rapidly expand. Acquisitions make it easy to quickly own market knowledge effectively. Access to market knowledge is facilitated by owning a subsidiary abroad as the first penetration point. 4.I. Packaging industry and market dynamics With increasing competition and a wide spectrum of indistinguishable products the quest to own a differentiator has moved to packaging in several consumer product industries. Packaging has become a crucial part of the overall product and differentiation strategy. Companies are paying more attention towards packaging in a bid to garner more recognition/recall share which ultimately leads to realising better revenues. The global packaging industry is estimated to be US $580 billion with a 5 per cent growth per annum. Polymers are central ingredient for modern packaging because polymers offer a number of advantages such as cost effectiveness including logistic cost, lower weight, convenient handling, minimum wastage, more compatibility with designs and aesthetics. Polymers are preferred to many other packaging options like glass, jute, paper, metals and wood. Such is the demand that packaging now accounts for about 25 per cent of total global polymer demand. Tubes are a special form of packaging and find application in oral care, healthcare, cosmetics and toiletries, hair care, pharmaceutical, food and some industrial products. There are mainly three categories of tubes used for packaging applications namely aluminum, laminate and plastic. Tube packaging began with aluminum tubes which are now being increasingly replaced by laminated and plastic tubes. 36 billion tubes per year are manufactured globally out of which 42% are aluminum tubes, 39% billion are laminated tubes and 19% are plastic tubes. The Tube packaging industry has become extremely competitive in recent years and several changes have occurred in its structure: †¢ Capacities have been consolidated by customers by global sourcing options †¢ Increased Competition that has led to downward pressure on pricing †¢ Increased bargaining powers of the buyers †¢ Pressure to keep up with the rapid technological change This has led to regional players being marginalized and having to either merge with larger players or operate only in specialized niche markets. A direct outcome of the consolidation is that the global laminate industry is now dominated by big three players EPL, Alcan and Betts. 4.II. Essel Propack Origins Growth Story EPL is a part of the Essel Group headed by Subhash Chandra which also owns Zee Entertainment Enterprises (the largest media and Entertainment Company in India). EPL was incorporated in 1982 and started production in 1984. The company was the first in India to enter the laminated tubes business. In 2004, it entered the plastic tubes industry. 2006 saw the company make its first acquisition and forayed turned to business of medical devices by evolving 2 medical devices- one based in USA and the other in Singapore. Again in 2006, Essel Propack (EP) penetrated the specialty packaging materials industry by acquiring a South India based company. As on today, EPL is the worlds largest packaging company with manufacturing of laminated and seamless tubes having a wide variety of applications in cosmetics, personnel care, pharmaceutical, oral care and food and industrial sectors. The client base is enviable with several multinational clients as well as domestic ones. Not only that, it has succ essfully managed to create production facilities in countries like China, USA, UK, Russia, Germany, Mexico, Colombia, Philippines, Indonesia, Egypt, Poland and Singapore and of course India. As mentioned earlier with an estimated 32% global market share it is the undisputable leader in the laminated tubes market. In 2001, Essel Packaging (Guangzhou) Ltd, the Chinese subsidiary of EPL, was awarded the ‘‘Most Reliable Enterprise of 2001; In 2006, Essel Propack was a mentioned in Forbes Asias Annual Best Under Billion Companies. Clearly, then Essel Propack has emerged as the one of the worlds best in a relatively short span. From the revenue charts over the years, it can be clearly seen that growth has been incremental but real tapering off in recent years due to the economic slowdown. The segment revenue as on 31.12.2008 is as follows:- 4.III. The phases of growth The first phase was began in 1984, when the company began catering to the packaging needs of the oral care industry by manufacturing tubes and converting aluminum tube users into laminated tubes. Slowly the company also began to serve other related industries such as cosmetics, toiletries, industrial products etc. The second phase started in 1992 with setting up its first overseas venture in Egypt. The third phase saw EPL penetrate the plastic tubes industry with the acquisition of Arista Tubes, UK. The fourth phase marked the entry into medical devices in 2006 by acquiring Tacpro Inc., USA and Avalon Medical Devices, Singapore. It also entered into specialty packaging for personnel care and food industries with the acquisition of Packaging India Pvt Ltd, a leading specialty packaging material company in south India. The company has largely followed Acquisition combined with setting up subsidiaries as a primary medium of rapid expansion. Following are the some of the milestones years in the growth path:- †¢ In 1993, EPL sets up its first overseas venture in Egypt. †¢ In 1997, the company forms a wholly owned subsidiary in Guangzhou, China †¢ In 1999, EPL set up a joint venture in Dresden, Germany. †¢ In 2000, EPL acquires the tubing operations of the Propack group (4th largest laminated tube manufacturer in the world). †¢ In 2003, EPL sets up a manufacturing plant at Danville, USA, to serve Proctor Gambles North American operations. †¢ In 2004, EPL forms Beri-Essel Closures Pvt Ltd a joint venture with a German company Bericap Holding GmbH to manufacture hi-tech closures. †¢ In August 2004, EPL acquires Arista Tubes, UKS leading seamless plastic tubes manufacturer †¢ In 2005, EPs plant in Russia began its commercial operations. Acquires another laminated tube manufacturing company named Telcon Packaging Limited in UK †¢ In 2006, the company enters the Medical Devices industry by acquiring Tacpro Inc., USA, and Avalon Medical Services, Singapore. †¢ In August 2006, the company makes its plans known to set up a plastic tubes plant in Poland. †¢ In August 2006, EP acquired Packaging India, based in the southern part of India. 4.IV. Internationalization Strategy of Essel Propack The Internalization strategy of Essel Propack is clearly the outcome of an aggressive acquisition led plan backed by the finances of the Essel Group. This suggests that the Internationalization process can be substantially accelerated with readily available funding. Each market that EPL serves has a manufacturing plant installed that serves the host country as well as others that are its neighbors. In the Uppsala model Essel Propack is at the 4th Stage where it has the capacity of producing its products abroad. This has been the outcome of its market knowledge gathered since 1984 or over a period of 25 odd years. The clearly shows that Essel Propack has grown by incremental knowledge about the markets it operates in. 4) Suzuki Suzuki Motor Corporation is the 9th largest Japanese automobile manufacturer in the world by production volume headquartered in Hamamatsu, Japan. It specializes in manufacturing compact automobiles, the full range of motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles, outboard marine engines, wheelchairs and a many other small internal combustion engines. It has 35 main production facilities in 23 countries and 133 distributors in 192 countries 4.I. Maruti Suzuki Origins Growth Story Maruti Suzuki India Limited ( Based in Gurgaon) is Suzukis biggest subsidiary and has a yearly production of 626,071 units ( as on 2006). Suzuki has a majority stake (54.2% ) in the Indian auto giant with the remaining owned by the various Indian public and financial institutions. It is a joint venture in the name of Maruti-Suzuki incorporated in 1981 and listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange of India. The company had a 54% market share of the passenger car market in India in 2005-2006. Suzuki in its desire to penetrate the Indian passenger car market initially became a minor partner with the Indian Government as hence the joint venture Maruti Suzuki was born as a Government of India company, with Suzuki as a minor partner. The clear objective was to make a peoples car for the humongous middle class India. Suzuki in the 1980s already had major share in the wheeler segment and was looking to penetrate the Indian 4 wheeler segment. The socio- political situation in India existing at that point in time made the Indian Government scout for a foreign collaborator for the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhis pet project to produce a â€Å"Peoples Car†. A group of Indian technocrats was given the role to source out a collaborator for this project. Toyota, Nissan and Honda the market leaders were all considered but Suzuki won the bid due to the persistence of Osamu Suzuki the CEO Chairman of Suzuki. The Joint venture was so successful that it prompted Suzuki to incr ease its equity participation from 25% to the current 54.2% thereby becoming the controlling parent company. There have been other subsidiaries in India:- SUZUKI POWERTRAIN INDIA LIMITED: Produces engines for cars SUZUKI MOTORCYCLE INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED: Produces Two Wheelers under brand name Suzuki. The first car was introduced in to India in 1898. Though imports of completely assembled cars were a recurring phenomenon in India, the local assembly of cars was missing until 1928. As a part of its internationalization plan, General Motors already had an assembly plant in Bombay in 1928 to reassemble cars and trucks using completed knocked down (c.k.d) kits sourced directly from USA. Ford Motor Company established also took the lead and rapidly established assembly plants in Madras in 1930 and Calcutta in 1931. However, full sledged manufacture of cars really started in 1942 with the Birla Group establishing Hindustan Motors Limited in Calcutta and the Walchand Group establishing Premier Automobiles Limited in Bombay. In the wake of these developments, the Standard Motor Products Limited was established to manufacture automobiles in Madras in the year 1948. However in 1947, as the British rule in India was heading towards an end, the Government of British India created a Panel on Automobiles and Tractors to recommend a framework for establishing manufacturing facilities in the country. The outcome of the panels study was its recommendation to encourage transport industry in India for her economic development. Due to the economic situation prevalent at that time, the Government of India viewed passenger cars as ostentatious and saw no real need to assign priority level to this industry. Nonetheless, the government did see merit in encouraging private investment in domestic manufacturing of passenger cars. The natural fallout of this thinking resulted in the government passing an ordinance that if the foreign players didnt have any significant plans in manufacturing cars locally then they should exit India within a span of three years. This effectively terminated the Indian relationship with General Motors and Ford Motors and they stopped their operations. A point to be noted here is that internationalization should always be integrated with the existing government thinking and policies, a hostile government will generally not allow foreign players to effectively run their operations, as we have seen in the case of General Motors and Ford Motors. With the exit of General Motors and Ford Motors, the car industry in India had just two main players: Hindustan Motors manufacturing under the brand name â€Å"Ambassador† and Premier Automobiles manufacturing under the brand name â€Å"Fiat†. However, the cars produced remained the exclusive purchases of the rich and famous and most people couldnt afford to buy them. The quality of these cars was poor by international standards which further erected barriers in purchases. This resulted in a poor offtake and low volume providing little motivation for the other entrepreneurs in the automobile industry for the next thirty years and this industry grew at a really slow pace during these years. As mentioned earlier it was not until the sixties that the government felt a need to produce small passenger cars. Sanjay Gandhi, the son of the then Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi was entrusted with the responsibility of manufacturing small passenger cars and he started a company called Maruti Limited to do realize government ambitions. However by 1977, the company was liquidated prompting the Government of India by an Act of the Parliament to acquire Maruti Limited and rename it to Maruti Udyog Limited (MUL). MUL became a public sector company fully owned by the Government of India. The political interest in the success of the project was great and a lot rode of the success of the newly reconstituted MUL. An optimistic production target for MUL was set at manufacturing 100,000 small passenger economy cars in a period of five years which required it to have the best technical team. The management of MUL started looking for a foreign collaborator that had the potential to sat isfy its needs of providing a low cost fuel-efficient car engine of below 1000cc. 11 large established automobile companies from UK, France, West Germany, Italy and Japan were considered and invited to be partners. Most foreign partners however seemed highly cautious with the proposed joint venture. It seemed that Mitsubishi Motors of Japan was to be the likely winner in the race to partner the Indian Government. Surprisingly however Suzuki Motors was chosen amongst several of its more illustrious peers because of its attractive offer and high speed of working. The agreement finalized on October 2, 1982 formed the basic bedrock for the introduction of Suzuki and its long term successful partnership with the Indian Government. 4.II. Internationalization Strategy Osamu Suzukis vision was central in Suzuki Motors bid to enter India. His commitment to the cause made managers from MUL comfortable discussing issues with Osamu Suzuki. The real reason for MUL selecting Suzuki was because of the quickness of making decisions. Clearly, Suzuki was more committed to the cause compared to Mitsubishi Motors which was mired in the bureaucracy of its working. Osamu Suzuki was quick to realize that the current demand for 50,000 cars per year was due to a poor product and inefficient manufacturing standards of Hindustan Motors and Premier Automobile. The real demand assessed by his team was pegged at least 2, 00,000 a year. This assessment was despite of the fact that in Japan at this time, Suzuki Motors was producing lesser cars (Greater than 800cc) than the target outlined by the government of India. It clearly took a calculated risk despite knowledge that it didnt have a demonstrated competency in producing cars above 800cc. According to the terms of the agreement equity participation was the chief form of involvement. Suzuki agreed on a lower equity participation because it felt that India was under-served and also because of its desire to invest in the country which had the worlds second largest population. Equity participation with Government of India has always been the chief internationalization strategy followed by Suzuki insofar as it relates to India. In many countries, Automobile is a regulated industry and FDI norms do not permit a foreign company to directly setup manufacturing facilities unless partnered with a local company. Many other bidders, barring Suzuki of course declined the lucrative joint venture due to this policy of the Government of India. They wanted to setup a directly controlled subsidiary and refused any equity participation with the Indian government. However, Suzuki Motors Company agreed to 26% shareholding in MUL in 1982 relinquishing its right to directly control the operations of the company. It gradually increased its equity stake after about six years to 40% in 1989 and then to 50% in 1992. It currently holds 54.2% and directly controls MUL as on date. This has been only possible due to gradually increasing its relationship and understanding of the Indi an market further reiterating the Uppsala model of psychic distance as a possible explanation of internationalization strategy. Celarly, here the initial production facilities were owned by the government of india, Suzuki has managed through equity pariticipation have a controlling stake in which was primarily a Government Owned enteprise. No company in the automobile segment has influenced the Indian Passenger Car market as much as Suzuki has done. Again, this bears a striking resemblence to the amount of time taken to internationalize. Clearly, since its genesis in 1983 it has taken roughly 25 years for Suzuki to become a an established major player in the Indian Sub-Continent, the same amount that was taken by Essel Propack. 5) Conclusion. The Internationalisation process has been a matter of scrutiny since the early days of international business (Aharoni, 1966; Root, 1987; Berkema and Drogendijk, 2007). Internationalisation is clearly a topic which lies at the heart of the international business field. Many questions in international business research emerge as a result of the interplay between the firm and the different locations (Hutzschenreuter et al., 2007). There are two major threads to internationalisation namely, the stages approach ( emodied in the uppsala model) and the born global approach. Firms face obvious disadvantages in competing with local firms in foreign markets and therefore here , internationalisation is all about surmounting inherent disadvantages that foreignness brings with it (Hymer, 1960, 1968; Hutzschenreuter et al., 2007). We saw clearly that Essel Propack needed to compete with the local pakaging suppliers and its primary intent was to surmounting this very barrier. Hence, it opted to ha ve an acquistion strategy where local manufacturers are acquired instead of directly setting up subsidiaries. As mentioned earlier, the Uppasala model (Johanson and Vahlne, 1977, 1990) suggests that companies internationalise in small, incremental steps and the internationalisation of the firm should be interpreted as a sequential learning curve. (Cyert and March, 1963; Barkema and Drogendijk, 2007; Hutzschenreuter et al., 2007). International expansion for many companies is limited due to the lack of knowledge about markets. Such knowledge can only be acquired through experience from operations abroad (Forsgen and Johanson, 1992). We saw in the case of Suzuki that partnering with the Government of India was the only option available if it had to penetrate the Indian Passenger Car market. In terms of the Uppsala model both India and Japan are also culturally close and have a lot in common. The success of the JV is a testament to this. The â€Å"foreign† perception and lack of information were the major reasons for organizations to follow traditional forms of internationalisation. However, future research can also focus on the â€Å"born global† framework where global firms go to international markets soon after their operations and that too at a fast pace(McKinsey, 1993; Rasmussen and Madsen, 2002). 6) References 70 years of Suzuki Motors Corporation, Suzuki Motors Corporation, Japan, 1990 Annual Report 1998-99, Maruti Udyog Limited, India Aharoni, Y. (1966), The Foreign Direct Investment Decision Process, Harvard University Press, Boston, MA. Athreye Suma Kapur Sandeep (1999) Foreign Controlled Manufacturing Firms in India Long-Term Trends Economic and Political Weekly, November 27, 1999 Barkema, H.G. and Drogendijk, R. (2007), ‘‘Internationalizing in small, incremental or larger steps?, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 38, pp. 1132-48. Chaterjee, Bhaskar (1990) Japanese Management Maruti and the Indian Experience Companies, 2nd International Conference of Association ofInternational Business-India Chapter, Loyola College, Chennai, Jan 14-16. Cyert, R.M. and March, J.G. (1963), A Behavioral Theory of the Firm, Blackwell Business, Cambridge, MA. Data Base Select Report, Research Institute of Economic and Business, Kobe University, Japan Encamation, Dennis (1 989) Dislodging Multinationals, Indias Strategy in Comparative Perspective, Cornell University Press. FDI from Japan to India, http://www.mof.gojp/english/elc008.htmMarch, 2000 Foreign Direct Investment approved by the Government of India, 1990-2000, Indian Investment Center, Government of India. History: Suzuki Motors, 1909-2001, http://www.suzuki.co.jp/cpd/kobe_e/6-l.htmJanuary. 2000 Forsgen, M. and Johanson, J. (1992), ‘‘Managing in international multi-centre firms, in Forsgen, Hutzschenreuter, T., Pedersen, T. and Volberda, H.W. (2007), ‘‘The role of path dependency and managerial intentionality: a perspective on international business research, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 38, pp. 1055-68. Hymer, S. (1960), ‘‘The international operations of national firms: a study of direct investments, Hymer, S. (1968), ‘‘La grande firme internattionale, Revue Economique, Vol. 14 No. 6, pp. 949-73. 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Nayak, Amar KJR (2002), Dis-equilibrium of FDI in extraction vis conservation of natural resources, International Conference on New Environmental Technology, Bhubaneswar Nayak, Amar KJR (2002), Patterns of Foreign Direct Investment in India, 1900s-2000, Masters Thesis, Graduate School of Business Administration, Kobe University, Japan Nayak, Amar KJR (2003), Impact of Trade Investment Policies of GATT/WTO on India, 1955-2000, XXVII Conference of Indian Social Science Congress, lIT Kharagpur, India, Dec 3-7 Nayak, Amar KJR (2004), Globalization Process in India: A Clash of Development Objectives of Host with Growth Objectives of Foreign PhD dissertation, Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Instit ute of Technology; published by MIT Press under same title in 1976. Prospectus, June 25, 2003, Maruti Udyog Limited, Rasmussen, E.S. and Madsen, T.K. (2002), ‘‘The born global concept, 28th EIBA Conference, Denmark. available at: www.aueb.gr/deos/EIBA2002.files/PAPERS/S4.pdf (accessed 23 March 2008). Records of the History ofJapanese Management and Japanese companies, Overseas Companies and Managers, 1979 Reserve Bank ofIndia, http://www.rbi.org.in January, 2000 Root, F.R. (1987), Entry Strategies for International Markets, Heath, Lexington. Sharma Kishore (2000), Export Growth in India, Has FDI Played a Role? Discussion Paper, Yale University, Economic Growth Center, http://www . econ. yale. eduz-cgccntor/ Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2002), Globalization and its Discontents, Allen Lane The Penguin Press, London Suzuki Motor Corporation, Report to the Government of Japan, 1983 2000 Tomlinson B.R. (1989) British Business in India, 1860-1970 in Davenport-Hines, R.P.T. and Ge offrey Jones (eds.), British Business in Asia since 1860, Cambridge University Press, New York Venkataramani, Raja (1990) Japan enters Indian Industry: the Maruti-Suzukijoint venture, New Delhi: Radiant Publication To Kill A Mockingbird: Historical Accuracy To Kill A Mockingbird: Historical Accuracy To Kill a Mockingbird is based off the novel written by Harper Lee of the same title, telling the story of a young girl Jean Louis Finch and her brother Jem growing up in Alabama during the Great Depression. To Kill a Mockingbird is a fictional story about a young girl, Jean Louis Finch (Scout), and her brother, Jem, growing up in Depression-era Alabama. The film centers on the trial of a young black man accused of raping a young white woman. The film was released in 1962 and directed by Robert Mulligan. The screenplay, written by Horton Foote, is greatly based on the novel of the same name by Harper Lee. It stars Gregory Peck, Mary Badham, Phillip Alford, Robert Duvall, and Brock Peters. To Kill a Mockingbird won three academy awards for best actor, best screenplay, and best director, and it was nominated for five others. The 1930s Depression and the complex racial relations within the South form the historical context of To Kill a Mockingbird. To Kill a Mockingbird seeks to portray the racial injustices and prejudices against African Americans in the South, while also making a statement about civil rights issues that were occurring when the film was released. The film is greatly autobiographical of the novels author, Harper Lee, and is a study of small town life in the South. The trial of Tom Robinson in the film is reflective of the Scottsboro Trials of the 1930s and the Emmett Till Trials of the 1950s. Also, as Lee was writing the novel the Brown v. Board of Education decision had just been reached and many events in the Civil Rights movement had taken place. Rosa Parks had stirred events leading to the Montgomery Bus Boycott and Authenine Lucy had entered the all white University of Alabama. The racial tensions leading to these events are reflected in the plot and themes of To Kill a Mockingbird. The novel and film of To Kill a Mockingbird are largely an autobiographical account of Harper Lees life. Lee has denied that the story has autobiographical elements, claiming an author only writes what she knows, but the similarities between Lees life, and Scouts life are unmistakable. The novel is set in Maycomb, Alabama, a town resembling Lees hometown of Monroeville, Alabama. Like Maycomb, Monroeville was a world surrounded by racism and occasionally violence. Her childhood and the current events of the 1950s inspired Lee to write To Kill a Mockingbird. Like Scout, Lees father, A.C. Lee, was the inspiration for Atticus Finch. Like Atticus, Lee was a quiet, respected lawyer in a small town, and a member of the state legislature . Lees father had defended two blacks accused of murdering a Monroeville merchant, but the two men were found guilty and hanged . Lees mothers maiden name was Finch, which Lee directly honors by giving the main family in the film and novel the name of Finch. An important part of Lees extended family was lifelong friend, Truman Capote. Lee has admitted that Capote was the inspiration for the character of Dill Harris. Lee herself was known as a rough n tough tomboy much as Scout is portrayed. Through the use of setting, Mulligan was able to accurately portray the South in the 1930s at the height of the Depression. Maycomb, Alabama, was a tired old town in the 30s There was no hurry, for there was nowhere to go, nothing to buy and no money to buy it with. But it was a time of vague optimism. Maycomb County had recently been told that it had nothing to fear but fear itself. During the Depression, over farming had exhausted the soil, and tenement farming worsened the conditions. These worsened soil conditions and falling cotton process drastically effected economic situations for most blacks and whites in the South. Those with professions in towns were also affected, because, as Atticus explains in the beginning of the film, the farmers cannot afford the services of those with skilled professions in town. Almost everybody was poor. The film accurately portrays the social system of the Depression era South. There was a definite caste system in the rural South. The South had a stubborn will to hold onto its traditions of the past. The social hierarchy in society must be maintained. The film acutely attacks racism and the fear of sexual taboos in its portrayal of the justice system. It is made unmistakably plain that as a black man, Tom Robinson will not receive a fair trial. The film accurately depicts locals forming a lynch mob because they feel there is no need to even try Robinson. The film also accurately shows that racial relations were complicated on many levels in southern society. Any sexual reference between a black man and a white woman was considered a very serious offence by many whites and blacks. The set racial boundaries that had been established could not be broken . In the trial scene Atticus determines that Mayella Ewell was attracted to Tom Robinson. This caused an outrage within the courtroom because social norms held that a white woman could never be attracted to a white man. Therefore, even the suggestion that Tom Robinson had relations with Mayella Ewell causes severe prejudice against Tom in the town. . The town was not necessarily afraid of Tom Robinson, but of breaking the social norm that held a white woman could never be attracted to a white man. Therefore, Tom Robinson was guilty as soon as he was accused. An incident of lynching through mob violence was a plausible reality in the 1930s. During the depression there was a resentment of black laborers with financial freedom, such as Tom Robinson. As economic situations worsened in the South, this resentment grew. During the height of the Depression, the number of lynchings grew in direct proportion to the decrease in the economic stability of the South . There are several instances in the 1930s when black men were killed before they were put on trial. For example, in 1931 a man in Birmingham, Alabama accused of rape was an invalid and not able to commit the crime. The accusers brother however, shot the man and was never arrested for murder . The film accurately shows the small town ethics that governed people in the South in the 1930s. The idealized public society must be upheld, at the risk of rejecting the law. If the social order was ever disrupted, men felt they were obligated to use force to preserve the social norms imbedded in soc iety . To Kill a Mockingbird was written at the peak of the Civil Rights Movement. The film was released in the early 1960s. Throughout the 1950s Alabama had had many tumultuous events dealing with race occur within its borders. The Brown v. Board of Education decision began to govern race relations in the South, but often with violent opposition. The Brown decision negated the separate but equal philosophy of Plessy v. Ferguson. This philosophy had been the ruling basis of segregated Southern society since the Civil War. Brown represented the many southerners fear of racial mixing and complete social equality . These fears led to violent reactions. Tom Bradys Black Monday in which he claimed blacks would be a threat to the loveliest and the purest of Gods creaturesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the well-bred, cultured Southern white woman, shows the dominant ideology in the South following the Brown decision. This ideology is directly portrayed negatively in the film, as Tom Robinson is accused of soili ng the purity of white Mayella Ewell. The Brown decision was still an issue when the film was released, and Mulligan is attempting to show the faults of such an ideology. At the same time as Brown v. Board of Education, Dr. Martin Luther King had been leading civil rights demonstrations, and African American students had staged sit-ins at lunch counters all over the South. Just months before Harper Lee began writing the novel, two major events altered the course of the Civil Rights movement. In 1955, Rosa Parks was arrested for violating the bus segregation ordinance, and soon after, the Montgomery bus boycott began. Then two black women, Authenine Lucy and Pollie Ann Myers had their admission rescinded from the University of Alabama when the University found out their race. Authenine Lucy sued the school and won admission. She was the first black woman to enter a southern, public university that previously been only white. However, she was severely persecuted and often mobbed . The story was covered nationally and had great emphasis placed on the importance of desegregation of universities. Lee, herself, had attended the University of Alabama a few y ears before Lucy was admitted. The trial in the film mirrors actual trials that occurred in the 1930s and the 1950s: the 1931 Scottsboro case and the 1955 Emmett Case. The Scottsboro Case became a national event of either outrage or celebration. It brought the issues of lynching laws and racial justice to a very international lever, as other countries followed the story. The Emmett Case was probably the most widely publicized trial of the century and the first great media event of the civil rights movement . The Emmett Case had great significance in the South, because it occurred very soon after the Brown v. Board of Education decision. Some white southerners were looking for excuses to persecute African Americans, and the Emmett Case brought this issue to the forefront of current events. To Kill a Mockingbird makes a blatant statement about the currents events that had recently occurred and were continuing to occur in the country. The character of Atticus Finch is a representation of the beliefs that many white Americans needed to strive for in the South. Many critics have equated Atticus to the Abe Lincoln of Alabama. Atticus believed Tom Robinson, and disbelieved Mayella Ewell, a white woman. This was a bold statement not only in the 1930s Alabama, but also in the 1960s. Social norms always accepted a white womans word as truth, and a black mans word as mistrustful . Mulligan was showing that justice should not be determined by a persons race, but by the actual facts surrounding an event. The audience that first saw this film would have understood the implications presented in the film. The film centers on the trial scene in which Atticus gives a strong lesson of not only justice, but also what constitutes humanity. The focus of the movie is on right and wrong. Mulligan was making a deliberate statement. By placing the events in the 1930s, To Kill a Mockingbird is set in time when the beliefs of men ruled their actions in defiance of the laws they professed they believed. African Americans had very few rights, and the novel and film were purposefully set before desegregation and the civil rights movement. The film seeks to show that the Supreme Court should not be needed to prove that a person of a different race is not better or worse than a person of another race. To Kill a Mockingbird is a fictional story that portrays many realities of racism in Southern life in the 1930s. The film is relating the events of the 1930s to the civil rights movement and current events of the 1950s and 1960s. The history in the film is based on Harper Lees observations growing up in a small town in Alabama, as well as events that had recently occurred within the United States right before the film was being made. The history in To Kill a Mockingbird is therefore not literally but symbolically true The film does not seek to show every historical detail of the 1930s, but shows the implications of social norms and the repercussions of these norms. The events shown in the film are subjective versions of many events of the 1930s through the 1960s that show the need for complete social equality.

Global Positionning System Versus the Right To Privacy :: GPS Globarl Positioning System Papers

Global Positionning System Versus the Right To Privacy From the beginning of time, man has tried to find out where he was and where he was going. Locating places as well as himself has long been a quest. Mankind developed a number of early inventions to help with this search including the compass, the sextant, the map with longitude and latitude, charts, plans, graphs, telescopes, binoculars and numerous other tools to assist him. The most current, extensive, far-reaching and comprehensive of these is the Global Positioning System (GPS). GPS is a satellite navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites. The original designers and engineers had military use in mind. It was placed into orbit by the U.S. Department of Defense, and it was originally intended to aid navigation, troop deployment and artillery fire. The official U.S. Department of Defense name for the GPS is the NAVSTAR system, which stands for Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging. This system cost the United States billions of dollars to develop and build, with the constant additional cost of maintenance. The first GPS satellite was launched in 1978, predating the introduction of the personal computer. The full constellation of 24 satellites was completed in 1994. Each satellite is built to last about 10 years, and replacements are constantly being built and launched into orbit. In the 1980's, by an executive order, the United States Government made the system available for civilian use, and there are no subscription fees or setup charge s. GPS works anywhere in the world, in any weather condition. A GPS satellite weighs approximately 2,000 pounds and is approximately 17 feet across with solar panel extended. The 24 GPS satellites orbit the earth about 12,000 miles above us. They make two complete orbits in less than 24 hours. Currently there are 21 active satellites with 3 operating spares. These satellites are traveling at speeds of approximately 7,000 miles per hour. The GPS satellites are powered by solar energy.

The Boondoggle of Vouchers and School Choice :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

The Boondoggle of School Choice The summer before my freshman year of high school, my suburban school district decided to implement a new school choice program developed for the state of Massachusetts. It is a program-limited choice similar to many others around the country. Schools offer a certain number of spaces in each class for "choice students," that is, students from other towns who wish to attend the school. Students apply and enter a random lottery system. If they are chosen, they become legally-enrolled students at the new school. The costs of the program are covered by the child's hometown or subsidized by the state. The logic of the program (and all other choice programs) is that it offers students the ability to attend better schools than those in their hometowns. School choice is lauded as the great white hope of American education. "Let's give those kids a chance!" "Let's take control of our children's education!" Supporters claim that school choice will not only save our students, but it will also save our schools. Schools will be forced to improve their programs to remain competitive. Soon, all students will be attending the schools they want to, and all schools will be worthy of their students. School choice is the panacea for the problems of American education. Or at least that's what the proponents of the program tell us. Unfortunately, they leave out a few crucial points. School choice will not be the saving of the American mind. It is a desperate attempt to patch up the problems of our system by offering a few students a new option and calling it salvation. One is reminded of a great juggling act, where if a few students are shuffled around, we may not notice the others falling to the ground. Pay no attention to the man behind the curtain . . . Let me stress that I am not speaking as a bitter product of the system who feels that school choice has hurt her educational experience. When it was first installed in our school, a number of parents, students and community members were outraged. They took a "not in my backyard" approach to the situation, bemoaning the influx of students from "bad schools." They thought that the innocence of our town would be lost, as students who were different from our sheltered community were admitted.

President Wilson in the Twentieth Century :: Essays Papers

President Wilson in the Twentieth Century President Woodrow Wilson was an early twentieth century president that held a large amount of power. Not only did he have extreme power in the United States, but he made important decisions based on his own personal beliefs and ideas that effected the world. President Wilson was geniunely concerned by the sufferings of humans. Wilson felt that his role in office was to serve the public as best he could. Contrary to popular belief he was not the â€Å"machine-like psychotic,† so many people make him out to be. In his inaugural speech, given in March 1913, he stated, â€Å"This is a not a day of triumph, it is a day of dedication. Here muster, not the forces of party, but the forces of humanity. Men’s hearts wait upon us; men’s lives hang in the balance; men’s hopes call upon us to say what we will do. Who shall live up to the great trust? Who dares fail to try? I summon all honest men, all patriotic, all forward-looking men, to my side. God helping me, I will not fail them, if they will but counsel and sustain me.† This was the attitude that Wilson carried out all of his activities with. He jumped into the Presidency with complete dedication. He truly loved the executive responsibility. The outlines of Wilson’s presidential character could not be clearer. He did not just work hard, he slaved away, often to point of complete exhaustion. In letters to his lady friends, one can see the determination and sense of drive that Wilson exemplifies. â€Å"I work hard, of course (the amount of work a president is expected to do, but it is not that that tells on a fellow. It’s the anxiety attending the handling of... affairs in which you seem to be touching quicksilver...I have been under a terrible strain as I have undergone ever since Congress convened in April,† (Barber 65). This dedication carried over to people all over the world. Another powerful move for Wilson was the Fourteen Points. One aspect was a proposal to end secret treaties. Therefore, European couldn’t go behind each other’s backs in time of war. The second point was freedom of the seas. This was that no one could control the oceans.

Creating a Healthy City

Creating a Healthy City Environmental health should be a great concern for each individual person as well as our nation and the whole world. Environmental health addresses all the physical, chemical, and biological factors affecting health and our environment. t which includes air, land and water. Environmental health extents to the chemical we use such as BPA and the effects it can and may have on our children, fuel in the economy and additional sources of fuel, building green, environmental disease and sources of energy in which all of these items can have an effect on the environment and our health.Here are other aspect of environment health that I would have never consider to be part of our concern or environment; but have just as of an impact as anything else. Bioterrorism warfare is critical because without the governments’ prevention and methods many of us could be affected by chemical warfare. This weapon can kill and destroy our very lives. Buying locally is another e xpect of environmental heath that is critical to our community is buying our food locally from farmers and growers in our area. This is a great benefit of knowing more about where your food comes from.It so much more too environmental health in which I do not have the time to discuss. One major item is creating a healthy environment in our communities and cities to help established a better life. Bottom of FormCreating a healthy city is to improved living conditions and better health services in association with various development activities by incorporate different ways to make the city healthy. By creating a healthy city would be committing to the development and maintenance of physical and social environments which support and promote better health and quality of life for residents.Building a health City would be to consider green building, recycling, educating and protecting the water, air and land in which residents maintain their living. Maintaining a healthy environment is c ritical to increasing quality life and years of healthy living. Healthy City would require and include high political commitment, collaboration, community participation, integration of activities and development of a city health profile and a local action plan. Once the plan has been established and implemented it’s important to monitor and evaluate by incorporating views from all groups within the community.These are critical steps in making the city environmental healthy. In order for Stockbridge to become a healthy city it will require some planning just to implement small changes and goals first then move to larger objectives. One area in which Stockbridge can begin is just to begin implementing a recycling plan. In large cities such as New York they have trash pickup and recycle pickup. Trash has to be divided into two categories. This is something that is a small goal for Stockbridge to introduction to the community.This is a small start but it’s a big change tha t can help to established or start the process of a healthy environment in the city. Beginning someone where is a start to healthy living. Having a health city will cost money and time. Money will needed to be generated in order for us to have the community in which we want or deserve to have. Producing a plan is one thing; but have the money to implement the plan is another which could affect the process and progress of the community.Its important for the city official to reach out the people in the community and to give them an understanding of how important is our environment to the city. The present encomic situation is what would have a great impact or obstacle in the city to obtain the funds need to make changes; but this where the community comes in and fund raisers are established to make our city environmental health. Introducing a clean environment healthy city would require information how important having a clean city is important to the community. A health city is about clean air, water, land and waste disposal for better living in the community.Understanding the air we breathe is essential that’s why green emission is established to reduce the amount of carbon that is leaked in to the air which can cause breathing issuing. Having clean water and plenty of water is a something our body cannot live without. Land is major because the quality of land effects food and the types of food in which we can choose from and eat. Land is different from place to place and each area yields certain kinds of food that is necessary for the nutrients we need. When our air, water and land is destroyed where do we go and how do we survive.Environmental Health should be a global concern because earth is our home. Some of the environmental issues of global warming–global dimming—water pollution, air pollution; land pollution and land degradation are affecting humanity throughout the entire world, these and other issues affects every species on the planet earth. Its imperative that mankind listen to the cry of the environment and begin to work together to save our planet. We can all play a part play by taking concern for endangers species, and being careful not to pollute our water and our land.Environmental Health effects and impacts our entire existence and every person should be aware of what the issues are and how they can help to change or fix them because it can and will affect our air, water and food. We do not take an interested to protect and preserve our planet we are looking at killing and destroying ourselves. References Hilgenkamp, Kathryn (2006) Environmental health ; Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Massachusetts, chapter 8-10, pgs. 134-191 Omi, Shigir MD (2000) Regional experience in making a Healty city, retrieve June 14, 2012 http://www. who. int/quantifying_ehimpacts/publications/prevdisradio/en/index. html Creating a Healthy City Creating a Healthy City Environmental health should be a great concern for each individual person as well as our nation and the whole world. Environmental health addresses all the physical, chemical, and biological factors affecting health and our environment. t which includes air, land and water. Environmental health extents to the chemical we use such as BPA and the effects it can and may have on our children, fuel in the economy and additional sources of fuel, building green, environmental disease and sources of energy in which all of these items can have an effect on the environment and our health.Here are other aspect of environment health that I would have never consider to be part of our concern or environment; but have just as of an impact as anything else. Bioterrorism warfare is critical because without the governments’ prevention and methods many of us could be affected by chemical warfare. This weapon can kill and destroy our very lives. Buying locally is another e xpect of environmental heath that is critical to our community is buying our food locally from farmers and growers in our area. This is a great benefit of knowing more about where your food comes from.It so much more too environmental health in which I do not have the time to discuss. One major item is creating a healthy environment in our communities and cities to help established a better life. Bottom of FormCreating a healthy city is to improved living conditions and better health services in association with various development activities by incorporate different ways to make the city healthy. By creating a healthy city would be committing to the development and maintenance of physical and social environments which support and promote better health and quality of life for residents.Building a health City would be to consider green building, recycling, educating and protecting the water, air and land in which residents maintain their living. Maintaining a healthy environment is c ritical to increasing quality life and years of healthy living. Healthy City would require and include high political commitment, collaboration, community participation, integration of activities and development of a city health profile and a local action plan. Once the plan has been established and implemented it’s important to monitor and evaluate by incorporating views from all groups within the community.These are critical steps in making the city environmental healthy. In order for Stockbridge to become a healthy city it will require some planning just to implement small changes and goals first then move to larger objectives. One area in which Stockbridge can begin is just to begin implementing a recycling plan. In large cities such as New York they have trash pickup and recycle pickup. Trash has to be divided into two categories. This is something that is a small goal for Stockbridge to introduction to the community.This is a small start but it’s a big change tha t can help to established or start the process of a healthy environment in the city. Beginning someone where is a start to healthy living. Having a health city will cost money and time. Money will needed to be generated in order for us to have the community in which we want or deserve to have. Producing a plan is one thing; but have the money to implement the plan is another which could affect the process and progress of the community.Its important for the city official to reach out the people in the community and to give them an understanding of how important is our environment to the city. The present encomic situation is what would have a great impact or obstacle in the city to obtain the funds need to make changes; but this where the community comes in and fund raisers are established to make our city environmental health. Introducing a clean environment healthy city would require information how important having a clean city is important to the community. A health city is about clean air, water, land and waste disposal for better living in the community.Understanding the air we breathe is essential that’s why green emission is established to reduce the amount of carbon that is leaked in to the air which can cause breathing issuing. Having clean water and plenty of water is a something our body cannot live without. Land is major because the quality of land effects food and the types of food in which we can choose from and eat. Land is different from place to place and each area yields certain kinds of food that is necessary for the nutrients we need. When our air, water and land is destroyed where do we go and how do we survive.Environmental Health should be a global concern because earth is our home. Some of the environmental issues of global warming–global dimming—water pollution, air pollution; land pollution and land degradation are affecting humanity throughout the entire world, these and other issues affects every species on the planet earth. Its imperative that mankind listen to the cry of the environment and begin to work together to save our planet. We can all play a part play by taking concern for endangers species, and being careful not to pollute our water and our land.Environmental Health effects and impacts our entire existence and every person should be aware of what the issues are and how they can help to change or fix them because it can and will affect our air, water and food. We do not take an interested to protect and preserve our planet we are looking at killing and destroying ourselves. References Hilgenkamp, Kathryn (2006) Environmental health ; Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Massachusetts, chapter 8-10, pgs. 134-191 Omi, Shigir MD (2000) Regional experience in making a Healty city, retrieve June 14, 2012 http://www. who. int/quantifying_ehimpacts/publications/prevdisradio/en/index. html

Analyze in detail how Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Essay

joke Steinbecks first hand eng force outer of what life was akin during the American natural depression on the wholeowed him to write an accurate novel on life during this dull condemnation. It excessively gives us a secure idea of sealed aspects of the Depression to the highest degree how migratory elaborateers lived and excessively how they were enured. The Depression changed peoples thoughts and views on life, how sensitive they were to refreshed(prenominal)s and how they acted around people. This is especially true(a) of the unsettled proles in Of Mice and Men.Loneliness took a major role in the migrant workers lives. The capacious majority of the workers traveled only if across America, moving from spreadhead to scatter. Family set were non-existent, because of this they didnt belong anywhere. The workers believed it was survival of the fittest amidst them. There were a large emergence of drifting workers, all-looking for the a handle jobs. Competiti on for work was fierce. There was a general tone of voice of solitariness at the time for the workers. George trys this smell when he is blithering to Lennie by the traverse Guys like us, which work on spread heades, ar the loneliest computerized axial tomographys in the foundation. They got no family. They dont belong no place. Because of a vast amount of capital of suspicion on the counterpane the workers practically chose a solitary existence. It in like manner make relationships between the workers truly shallow. It would depend that the majority of the workers could non forge a pregnant relationship.Yet, it wasnt dependable the workers who matte nongregarious. Curleys married woman likewise dis consorts retire ment I startle awful only(a)(prenominal)You can talk to people, scarce I cant talk to zero but Curley. Crooks in like manner seems really lonely I tell ya a kat provokes too lonely, an he constitutes sick. Both Crooks and Curleys wife as well opt a life of solitude because of the suspicion. It is harder for them to establish meaningful relationships because the obstacles of discrimination and sexism that exists on the ranch.Loneliness was communal for almost everyone. Different people did distinguishable social occasions to try and cope with desolation. Some would play cards. Some would play horseshoes. Crooks would read his books and Curleys wife tries attention seeking by hanging around the bunks. They did anything to avoid the bareness and boredom.Entertainment was a form of hightail it from their boring lives. Apart from the simple things the workers would do during the month like cards and horseshoes, at that place was no amusement, so they all looked foregoing to the end of the month Well, a guy got to pack some fun sometime. This was when they would get their expect and go into t haveship. They would spend their gold on drink and prostitutes. Again, anything that would allow them to incline fr om their lonely lives. It was normal for the workers to spend the high hat part of the night in a whore kinsfolk where they could get inebriant and women. A guy can go in an get drunk and get everthing out his strategy all at formerly, an no messes.And once that night was done that was it until the end of the attached month. This demonstrates the carriage on the ranch toward women they ar just objects which can be apply whe neer they please. They arnt considered as eqaul at all. The attitude towards Curleys wife is some early(a) sheath of how women were poorly treated, poorly regarded and were by a long steering, less equal than men. pertly married and in an unfamiliar place, she is non allowed to talk to anyone but Curley. She resents this and approaches the other ranch workers with the excuse of looking for Curley. The men today have their guard up and view distributively other that she is nothing but trouble. They regard her as a woman to be used and make no attempt to get to know her. probably the most important aspect of workers lives was the ambitiousness they all shared. and because of their tendencies to go into town at the end of the month they would never visualize their dream, as many of their dreams abstruse saving up coin, whoich usually they wasted. Crooks sums it up vacatee well I seen hundreds of men obtain by on the channel an on the ranches with their bindles on their spur an that same bull thing in their heads. Hundreds of them. They come, an they quit an they go on an every damn one of ems got a teensy-weensy piece of degrade in his head. An every goddamn one of em ever gets it. Just like heaven. It was a simple dream. All they wanted was to own their own place.A piece of land and a house to live in, someplace they werent told what to do, a place where they could choose who could stay on their land and who had to pass on, and a place where at the end of the harvest they could play along what they had harv ested. George flows this out Id have my own little place, an Id be stick out in my own crops, stead of doin all the work and not getting what comes up outa the ground. But for most this dream would never be fulfilled. Their bareness would always be with them. This would mean they would have to escape from their loneliness by going into town and expenditure their money. But without money they would never be able to buy their own place.As with loneliness, having dreams was not exclusive to the workers. Curleys wife often dreamt of what her life would have been like if she would have been in movies Coulda been in the movies, an had mincing c surgehes-all them nice c visionhes like they wear. An I coulda sat in them big hotels, an had pictures took of me.As for George and Lennie there is hope. They have each other to look afterward one another and are not as lonely as the other migrants. Becausebecause I got you to look after me, and you got me to look after you. says Lennie. Bec ause they have each other, they have a better chance of realizing their dream. They both have soul to talk to and travel with which helps them not get so lonely. It is this companionship that gives them their chance. Also, because of their companionship, they are very different from all the other workers on the ranch. None of the other workers had somebody to travel with. Their companionship is seen as very unusual Well, I never seen a guy take so a great deal trouble for another guy. says Carlson. slender also says I simply never seen cardinal guys travel together. It was a rare thing to see during that period. It was also rare for the workers image genuine care for each other of for anyone else. George and Lennie are an exception to this.Along with the good things that came with travelling together, George and Lennies companionship also brought along suspicion. Suspicion was very coarse on the ranches. The boss is shady as soon as George and Lennie arrive. He is suspicious of George because he wont allow Lennie cover I tell what menace you got in this guy? You takin his pay away from him? He later says I got my eye on you.It isnt just the boss who is wary of the workers. It seems everyone is suspicious of each other Maybe ever corpse in the whole damn world is scared of each other. says Slim. This is emphasized a drove by the way hardly anyone travels together and by the way George accuses dulcorate of listening in on his discourse with Lennie Say, what the hell you doin listenin? Curley is also suspicious of anybody when it comes to his new wife. He runs around a lot looking for her and at one point accuses Slim of messing with her.Finally, most of the men on the ranch are worried more or less talking to Curleys wife. They accuse her of gift men the eye and turn over she is a tart. There is a large amount of suspicion all over the ranch aimed at anyone around the ranch itself.As well as a lot of suspicion, maybe leading to the following, t here was also a fair amount of violence. Curley is the of import source of violence on the ranch. He was jealous and suspicious of people and this leads to him do trouble. He is said to pick on big guys the most because he was so small He hates big guys. Hes alla time take throw away with big guys. He is also said to be a good bagger and has proved this by doing well in certain tournaments. Hes often wary and is ready for a meshing His eyes flashed over George, took in his height, metrical his reach, and looked at his trim middle. Curley finally demonstrates his ill-gotten temper and his willingness to fight by picking on Lennie and hitting him several times.George mentions the commons sense of violence on the ranch after a long time they get mean. They get wantin to fight all the time. some other side to the violence on the ranch is the attraction of it. Whit is very drill hole when he sees Curley going after Slim I guess maybe Id like to see this. and But I like to see the con game if it comes finish off. Come on les go.Crooks is a target of the violence also. The time at Christmas when they set after him is an usage of this. He is often verbally ill-use as well. The workers are very insouciant slightly racist language. They use speech like nigger behind his back and charge to his face Sure the electrostatic bucks a nigger. spade huh? Yeah. Nice fella, too. And such words are counterbalance out said to his face Listen, Nigger. says Curleys wife.Racism was still very common during this period and segregation was also common. Crooks wasnt allowed in the white workers bunk house and he is put in the barn, by himself, which had very poor living conditions. He had to put up with a lot of abuse and discrimination and because of this he had unquestionable a protective shell, which he would seclude back into whenever he was being abused, this made him suspicious of anyone trying to help him or take an interest in him. Crooks was a dignified man and would often revive to his mauled book of rights to emphasize he had rights. He would also look up to his book if he thought someone was doing something that impeded his rights.Crooks was also very lonely and he craves someone to talk to as much as any of the other workers on the ranch. A good example of his dignity and his loneliness mixed together is when Lennie comes into his room he tries to be angry but he knows he needs someone to talk to and allows Lennie to stay in his room.Women were used and treated unfairly during this period also. During this time women were generally seen as a possession. Men believed that they own the women and that they could use them however or for some(prenominal) they wanted. This is shown by the way the workers talk about the women at the whorehouses and also by the way the workers talk about Curleys wife. She is seen, as something Curley owns, an item or possession not a person. She is also referred to as jail-bait, a tart and nothing but trouble. Quotes like Jesus, what a tramp., Dont you even look at that bitch. and Well, I think Curleys marrieda tart. which refer to Curleys wife all emphasize the disrespect shown to women in this period.Although men wish to think women were their possessions, they also had other possessions. They would carry around little things like razors and stay on them in a bindle while traveling. When they werent traveling they would keep their possessions in an apple crate hung up on the wall. They never carried around much and things would get odd(p) behind for example, the roach killer that got left behind by the last worker that occupied Georges bunk. Hygiene wasnt all that good.As well as the roach infested bunks there were rats underneath the floorboards. The intellectual nourishment wasnt all that good all and medicine was very simple. Candy tells about how one guy would clean the potatoes if they had spots on them and he would scrape off the red bits in the eggs. Candy als o complains of a stomachache the turnips gave him and asks for some whiskey to treat his stomachache. Overall life in the bunkhouses was very harsh.In conclusion, the novel has addicted us a very slide by picture of what life like for the migrant workers moving from ranch to ranch. Loneliness was a serious part of their lives. It was part of a vicious circle that included entertainment, money and their dream. Their dreams were what kept them going. But loneliness would conduct to stop them realizing their dreams. They were so lonely they postulate the entertainment to help them escape from their loneliness and boredom after work. This cost money money they needed to realize their dream, and from entertainment they wasted the money they needed to realize a dream, and found themselves lonely again, cause the vicious circle to continue.Life was very rough on the workers. No family to speak of or get closed to. They believed that they didnt belong anywhere. They went to a ranch, w orked up a stake and then blew it in the warm town. This would happen every month and even though the workers dreamt, the vast majority lastly established their dream would never come true. But kept dreaming to keep up some hope even though deep down they realized it was not possible.