Why We Sleep

WHY WE SLEEP The Functions of Sleep in Humans and Other Mammals J. A. Horne Published by Oxford University Press 1988 Contents CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1. 1Early Sleep Theories 1. 2Daily Sleep and Wakefulness 1. 3Measuring Sleep References CHAPTER 2 Sleep Deprivation 2. 1Problems with Animal Experiments 2. 2Recent Animal Experiments 2. 3Some Problems with Human Experiments 2. 41896 †The First Real Sleep Deprivation Experiment on Humans 2. 5The Longest Study †264 hours Without Sleep 2. 6Abnormal Behavior 2. 7The Longest Study With More than One Subject †205 hours 2. The Walter Reed Experiments 2. 9Motivation and Cerebral Impairment 2. 10Tasks Sensitive to Sleep Deprivation 2. 11Higher Levels of Cerebral Function 2. 12Spare Cerebral Capacity 2. 13Performance Measures Are Too Limited 2. 14Two Types of Sleepiness ? 2. 15Short-Term Sleep Restriction 2. 16Age and Sleep Deprivation 2. 17Does Repeated Deprivation Produce Immunity to Sleep Loss ? 2. 18Can Sleep Deprivation Effect s be Sped Up or Slowed Down ? 2. 19Do Long and Short Sleepers Differ in Their Recovery Sleep ? 2. 20Epilepsy 2. 21Other Effects On the Human EEGReferences CHAPTER 3 Physiological Effects of Sleep Deprivation 3. 1The First Major Physiological Study †Kleitman, 1923 3. 2The Next Fifty Years 3. 3Body Restitution and Sleep 3. 4Effects on Exercise 3. 5The Control of Body Temperature (Thermoregulation) 3. 6Other Aspects of Homeostasis 3. 7Update on Hormone Changes 3. 8The Immune System 3. 9Conclusions about Sleep Deprivation in Humans References CHAPTER 4 Body Restitution and Sleep 4. 1Tissue Restitution : Protein Turnover and Cell Division 4. 2Factors Influencing Protein Turnover and the Cell Cycle 4. Taking care of and Protein Turnover 4. 4Mitosis, Sleep and Physical Activity 4. 5Metabolism During Sleep and the Energy Cost of Restitution 4. 6Cell Energy Charge and Sleep 4. 7Human Growth Hormone Release During Sleep 4. 8Other Hormonal Changes During Human Sleep 4. 9Thyroid Activity a nd Sleep †Body Versus Brain Restitution 4. 10The Effects of Exercise on Sleep †Background 4. 11Is Body Heating the Key ? 4. 12Conclusions References CHAPTER 5 Waking Awareness, Subsequent Sleep, and Cerebral â€Å"Restitution† 5. 1Background 5. 2Influences of Wakefulness on Subsequent Sleep 5. SWS Changes throughout the Night, and â€Å"Models† of SWS 5. 4Brain Work During Wakefulness 5. 5Increased Awareness during Wakefulness and Subsequent Sleep 5. 6Reduced Sensory Stimulation during Wakefulness 5. 7SWS Reductions in Psychiatric Disorders 5. 8SWS and Aging 5. 9SWS Deprivation 5. 10Brain and Behavior During SWS 5. 11Cerebral Restitution During SWS ? 5. 12Sleep â€Å"Substances† and Immunoen hancement 5. 13Conclusions References CHAPTER 6 Core and Optional Sleep 6. 1Introduction 6. 2Natural Long and Short Sleepers among Humans 6. 3Can the Normal Sleeper Adapt to Less Sleep ? . 4Sleep Extension 6. 5Are We Chronically Sleep Deprived ? 6. 6The Circadian T iming of Sleep 6. 7Abnormalities in the Timing of Sleep 6. 8Insomnia 6. 9Stage 2 Sleep 6. 10Conclusions References CHAPTER 7 Sleep in Other Mammals 7. 1Dolphins 7. 2Laboratory versus Normal Habitats 7. 3Statistical Analyses of Mammalian Sleep 7. 4Sleep †the Immobilizer and Energy Conserver for Small Mammals 7. 5More Energy sparing if Sleep forms into a Torpor 7. 6Night versus Day Sleeping Mammals 7. 7Food, Feeding Behavior and Cerebral Development 7. 8Encephalisation 7. 9Conclusions so Far 7. 0Infancy References CHAPTER 8 REM Sleep 8. 1Perspectives on Dreaming 8. 2Memory, Homeostatic, Sentinel, and Motivational Theories 8. 3Abundance of REM Sleep in Early Life †The Ontogenetic Hypothesis 8. 4Sleep After Increased Learning 8. 5REM Sleep Deprivation in Animals †Background 8. 6REM Sleep Deprivation, Learning and Drive Behavior 8. 7REM Sleep Deprivation in Humans 8. 8Brain Protein Synthesis and Related Findings 8. 9Conclusions so Far 8. 10Similarities between REM Sleep an d Wakefulness 8. 11Keeping Cool 8. 12Keeping Warm 8. 13Increased Heat Production without Shivering . 14Thermoregulation in REM Sleep Reverts to the Fetal Level 8. 15Conclusions About REM Sleep References Epilog Why Do We Sleep ? Section 1 INTRODUCTION This is a book about the motivation behind rest in warm blooded animals, especially in people. My methodology has been to take an expansive organic point of view, taking a gander at rest according to the regular ways of life and conduct of well evolved creatures, and making what I trust is a progression of educated conclusions about what rest intends to them, and particularly to us. Obviously, I don't have the response to why we rest, as an excessive amount of is still unknown.What I have endeavored to do is gather up numerous misguided judgments and attempt and understand what is left. This book isn't intended to be a far reaching text on rest, however a particular and individual record giving a few speculations about an assortment of viewpoints on rest. A considerable lot of my decisions may well end up being incorrectly, as that is the method of most speculations. Notwithstanding, I trust that before they bomb they end up being useful in invigorating different thoughts. I have attempted to make the book coherent, and present my case inside a spreading out anecdote about sleep.Technicalities have been kept to a base, in spite of the fact that on occasion, and of need, it broadly expounds. At every possible opportunity, I have attempted to make it reasonable, as the book is pointed at rest scientists, however at a readership having to a greater extent a passing enthusiasm for rest, with just an essential foundation in science and brain science. Little inclusion is given to the mind's neurophysiological and neurochemical systems directing rest. While they help clarify how rest happens, the principal inquiries concerning what they are doing there in any case, that is the capacity of rest, despite everything must b e answered.Besides, there are as of now magnificent writings depicting these systems (e. g. ref. 1). Numerous individuals feel that, in spite of fifty years of exploration, everything we can finish up about the capacity of rest is that it defeats tiredness, and that the main dependable finding from lack of sleep tests is that rest misfortune makes us sluggish. Such a melancholy viewpoint has been mostly liable for some rest scientists getting some distance from fundamental exploration to the all the more invigorating field of rest issue. Furthermore, is knowing why we rest such a crucial inquiry all things considered ?Employment possibilities are much better in the zone of rest issue, and there is the fulfillment of having the option to help or fix numerous patients. Various Sleep Disorders Centers have been set up in the United States and Europe in the course of the most recent decade (too bad, not in the UK), and this is by a wide margin the best development zone in rest research. While it could appropriately be contended that rest issue is an unquestionably increasingly advantageous region for rest research, lamentably, similar to the neurophysiological instruments of rest, it despite everything doesn't disclose to us much regarding why we sleep.Certainly, it has given significant data about the neurophysiological systems, and about the relationship among rest and breathing (which isn't generally identified with the capacity of rest either). This is the reason the book contains minimal about rest issue. Once more, there are now a few astounding records accessible (e. g. refs. 2-4). The point of this book is to show that we have not arrived at an impasse in our comprehension about the elements of rest, but instead, that we may have taken a lot for granted.As will be seen, this subject is as yet an obscure and energizing element, with numerous roads still to follow, and there is a lot of work to be finished. Compositions concerning why we rest go back to befo re the times of Aristotle. Most love seat the motivation behind snooze terms of rest and recuperation from the â€Å"wear and tear† of attentiveness. One can't generally contend with this thought as it bodes well, furthermore, we as a whole realize that we feel the â€Å"worse for wear† without rest, thus much better after rest. All things considered it is an unclear thought †what precisely is recouped ?This is as yet an issue for significant discussion, as will be seen all through the book. It is generally imagined that 7 †8 hours rest a night is fundamental. This thought is strengthened from numerous quarters. For instance, by the well known press (â€Å"you must get your excellence sleep†), and by numerous GPs. Asking a patient â€Å"how are you resting ? â€Å", may just be a stock expression for helping the GP to build up compatibility, yet it despite everything underlines the requirement for a â€Å"good night's sleep†. The key indicatio n of insuffient or upset rest is over the top lethargy in the daytime.But numerous light sleepers don't encounter this, and a significant concern is about â€Å"not getting enough sleep†, and what may befall their wellbeing as a result. Be that as it may, we likely don't generally require the most recent couple of hours of an average night's rest, and rest misfortune is far less unsafe than most would might suspect. The majority of the hypotheses about the capacity of rest focus on dreams or dreaming rest, these days called â€Å"rapid eye movement† rest (REM rest). Barely any glance at the rest of the rest. Numerous individuals accept that we just rest to dream or having REM sleep.Clearly, dreams are the most charming and noticable piece of rest, yet the significance of this rest is presumably overran ted. As will be seen, a huge bit of REM rest is nonessential, without sick impact. REM rest just possesses around one fourth of our daily rest, and to call the remainder of rest â€Å"non-REM† rest, by portraying it as far as a nonappearance of REM rest, degrades most of rest, yet neglects what may losely be depicted as the â€Å"deeper† part of non-REM rest, called â€Å"slow wave sleep† (SWS) in humans.This type of rest may well end up being the most vital for us. In any case, in spite of the way that nobody truly recognizes what REM rest does, or whether it is â€Å"good† for us

Case Study of the YTL Corporation Berhad

Contextual analysis of the YTL Corporation Berhad YTL Corporation Berhad is probably the biggest organization recorded on the Bursa Malaysia, and along with its six recorded elements has a joined Market Capitalization of about RM 34.3 million as at 30 September 2010, the organization has an all out resource of over RM45 billion. The significant business does by YTL Corporation included force age, development contracting, property advancement, inn improvement and the executives, concrete assembling, flexibly of water, treatment and removal of waste water, and hatching and warning administrations for web organizations. [ Francis Yeoh, YTL Corporation Berhad ] Items and Services YTL Cement Berhad supplies concrete items and solid items, quarry items and arrangement of related administrations to the developments division. YTL Cement is Malaysias biggest maker of prepared blended concrete, through its auxiliary Buildcon Concrete Sdn Bhd C.I Readymix Sdn Bhd. The organization at present works more than 50 bunching plants all through Peninsular Malaysia. [ Mr. TG TAN, YTL Cement Berhad ] YTL Cement Berhad is likewise the second biggest concrete plant in Malaysia, with concrete creation limit of 1.2 million tons for every annum in Pahang; 3.4 million tons for every annum in Perak; and a Clinker and Blast Furnace Slag Grinding Plants at Westport, Klang, and Pasir Gudang, Johor, every one of 500,000 m/t per annum limit. [ YTL Cement Berhad ] YTL Corporation likewise have a heaps of lavish lodging in various nation. Furthermore, YTL Corporation likewise completes property improvement exercises. YTL has developed amazing and high caliber of structures, for example, t ownhouses with alluring and imaginative plans. Channels of appropriation This is characterized as a transitional chain; each chain is passed down to the following associations item, that we at long last arrive at the buyer or end client. This procedure is known as the dissemination chain or channel. Beginning from the earliest starting point, the YTL Company has just supplies the concrete assembling to the whole purchaser. At the point when the YTL Company recovers the benefit, they have enough capital, and afterward the organization begins to grow their business structure. They begin to gracefully age, development contracting, property advancement, inn improvement and the board, concrete assembling, flexibly of water, treatment and removal of waste water, and brooding and warning administrations for web organizations. [ Francis Yeoh, YTL Corporation Berhad ] They offer this item to Tenaga National Berhad(TNB), lodging, building industry, home improvement shop and client. This can keep their items available stream and perceivability. Level of Technology Used YTL Cement is the biggest prepared blended solid organization in Malaysia, with more than 500 blenders. YTL Cement claims more than 70 clustering plants and an armada of 700 concrete trucks, working all through Malaysia. [ YTL Corporation Berhad ] YTL Corporation attempts IT and web based business innovation in their business. Association Structure YTL Corporation is overseen by an accomplished Board with a wide and differed scope of mastery. This expansive loaded with abilities and experience can guarantee that the YTL Corporation is under the direction of a responsible and capable Board. The Directors perceive the key job they play in diagramming the vital heading, advancement and control of the YTL Corp Group and have received the six essential duties as recorded in the Code, which encourage the release of the Boards stewardship obligations. The Board presently has thirteen Directors containing nine official individuals and four non-official individuals. The places of the Executive Chairman and the Managing Director are held by discrete individuals from the Board. The Executive Chairman is fundamentally liable for the systematic lead and working of the Board, while the Managing Director regulates the running of the business step by step, usage of Board arrangements and creation of operational choices. The Managing Director a nd the Executive Directors are responsible to the Board for the beneficial activity and improvement of the YTL Corporation, predictable with the essential point of upgrading long haul investor esteem. The nearness of Independent Non-Executive Directors carries an extra component of parity to the Board and these Independent Non-Executive Directors have the experience to convey adequate load in the Boards choices. The contrasting jobs of Executive and Non-Executive Directors are depicted, both having trustee obligations towards the investors of the organization. Official Directors have an immediate obligation regarding business activities while Non-Executive Directors have the fundamental aptitude and experience to offer an autonomous judgment as a powerful influence for issues of methodology, execution and assets brought before the Board. The Executive Directors are answerable for the YTL Corporation tasks and for guaranteeing that systems proposed by the executives are completely ta lked about and inspected, and assess the drawn out interests of investors, representatives, clients, providers and the numerous networks in which the YTL Corporation leads its business. Strategic YTL Company crucial to procure exceptional yields by putting resources into high development, information serious organizations that influence on new advancements and afterward upgrade the estimation of these ventures by utilizing its inward and outside assets. It expects to be a supplier of savvy capital, which incorporates monetary capital just as genuine information capital, to dispose of a large number of the dangers related with new innovation speculations, be they specialized, budgetary or operational. [ YTL e-Solutions Berhad ] Qualities The qualities of YTL Company are when at a restricted assets period time, YTL Company can gracefully the sum amount of items to client. This is on the grounds that when that time building start work meet up numerous way and afterward make the assets lesser, around then YTL Company got spot to store the assets and flexibly to each client. Shortcomings The shortcoming of the YTL Company is partitioned into numerous piece of big business improvement, so by the controlling possibly have some little error. Like when a spot for create, numerous laborer are bringing to after some time the work and will give additional reward, however the way is a portion of the specialist need to set aside more the cash send back to their family, with the goal that them eat less of food when the working time, and whenever got any after some time chances them will battle of it. This issue makes them will over pressure their body and insufficient time for rest and this will reason for any hazardous mishap. Development The principal organization to bring turnkey development into Malaysia. The primary Malaysian organization to utilize non-asset neighborhood financing to back a fast rail venture. The primary Asian organization to give a Zero-Coupon Euro-bond. First Independent Power Producer in Malaysia. The first non-Japanese Asian organization to list on the Tokyo Exchange in year 1996. Grants YTL is one of Malaysias best oversaw organizations; YTL Corporation has won various honors and come out tops in various studies throughout the years, including grants structure The Far Eastern Economic Review, Asia Week, CIO Asia and numerous others grants. YTL Corporations latest awards originated from Finance Asia magazine, when it was featured under the classes Most Committed to Corporate Governance. Best Financial Management and Best Managed Company. Arranging Arranging can best be characterized as looking forward and chalking out future strategies to be followed. It is a preliminary advance. It is an orderly movement which decides when, how and who will play out a particular activity. Arranging is a point by point program with respect to future strategies. It is appropriately said Well arrangement is half done. Hence arranging thinks about accessible and imminent human and physical assets of the association in order to get compelling coordination, commitment and flawless modification. It is the fundamental administration work which incorporates definition of at least one nitty gritty designs to accomplish ideal parity of requirements or requests with the accessible assets. [ Ads by Google ] Somebody has said previously, Planning is a psychological inclination to get things done in precise manner, to think before acting and to act in the light of realities instead of conjectures. Arranging is choosing best option among others to perform distinctive administrative capacities so as to accomplish foreordained objectives. [ Ads by Google ] Arranging is choosing ahead of time on what to do, how to do and who to do it. Arranging span covers the hole between where we need to go. It causes potential things to happen which would not in any case happen. In todays exceptionally serious business condition, financial plan arranged arranging or estimate based arranging strategies are deficient for a huge organization to endure and flourish. The firm should take part in key arranging that unmistakably characterizes destinations and surveys both the inner and outer circumstance to detail methodology, actualize the system, assess the advancement, and make alterations where important to remain on target. [ Bradford, Robert W., Duncan, Peter J., Tarcy, Brian ] YTL Corporations system of offering World Class Products and Services at Competitive Prices reaches out over the scope of its business exercises, and is maybe the absolute most significant factor supporting its prosperity today in upgrading investor esteem. That is on the grounds that YTL Corporation utilizing the correct method of the technique arranging process. An improved vital arranging process is appeared by the accompanying graph: This procedure is generally appropriate to key administration at the specialty unit level of the association. For huge companies, system at the corporate level is generally worried about dealing with an arrangement of business. For instance, corporate level technique includes choices about which specialty units are to develop, asset distribution among the specialty units, exploiting collaborations among the specialty unit

Writing Contests Still Open in the Summer

Writing Contests Still Open in the Summer If youre looking for a writing contest to enter but have missed most of the spring deadlines, youre in luck! There are still several contests open for submission throughout the summer for writers seeking to compete with their best work. Below are some of the best weve found:The Tamaqua Award for a Collection of EssaysDeadline: September 30, 2018Entry Fee: $22.00 USDThe Tamaqua Award for a Collection of Essays is offered by Hidden River Arts and Hidden River Press, with the winner receiving $1,000. Hidden River Arts is an independent literary and performing arts organization based in Philadelphia that is dedicated to the service, support and celebration of all artists but seeks to serve the outsider artist. Prior publication is acceptable, as long as the journal or magazine it was published it does not own exclusive rights.This contest is international, but all entries must be in English. The editors accept simultaneous submissions but request that the author notify them if your work has been chosen to be published in another publication. To submit your original essays to this writing contest, youll need to complete an online application. Your submission must include your name, address, telephone number, email, website (if you have one), a brief biography, outline, full synopsis and full manuscript. According to the submission guidelines and disclosures, all awards are determined by Hidden River staff and winners (semi-finalists and finalists) will be announced on the Hidden River Arts blog.The Alcott Award for Young Adult FictionDeadline: October 15, 2018Entry Fee: NoneHidden River Arts and Hidden River Press also offer The Alcott Award, which is in its inaugural year in 2018. The winner will receive $1,000 and publication by Many Frog Press, an imprint of Hidden River Publishing. Writers should submit an unpublished, book-length work of Young Adult fiction featuring at least one strong female lead character. This competition is open to international submission s for all writers in English.All submissions must be made online and include name, address, telephone number, email, website (if you have one), a brief biography, outline, full synopsis and full manuscript. The contest disclosure states that simultaneous submissions are accepted and that all submissions will be considered for publication by Hidden River Publishing.Dzanc Books Nonfiction PrizeDeadline: September 30, 2018Entry Fee: $25.00 USDThis contest is awarded annually and is open for submissions this year from March 1st, 2018 through September 30th, 2018. The Dzanc Books Nonfiction contest seeks book-length works of nonfiction, including memoirs, essays, polemical writing, historical writing, and biography. The winning submission will receive an advance of $1,500 and publication in Fall 2019. The winner and finalists will be announced on November 15th.Dzanc Books Short Story Collection CompetitionDeadline: September 30, 2018Entry Fee: $25.00 USDThe Dzanc Books Short Story Collec tion Prize is for a book-length collection of short stories. This years contest will be judged by Emily Geminder, whose collection Dead Girls and Other Stories won the prize in 2016. The winner of this years competition be awarded a $2,500 advance and publication in Fall 2019 by Dzanc Books. The competitions rules state that it is open to new or established writers, as well as agented submissions. All submissions, however, must be previously unpublished. The winner and finalists will be announced on November 15th.Dzanc Books Prize for FictionDeadline: September 30, 2018Entry Fee: $25.00 USDThe Dzanc Books Prize for Fiction prides itself on recognizing daring, original, and innovative novels. The winner of this competition will receive a $5,000 advance and publication in Fall 2019 by Dzanc Books. For 2018, the judges will be: John Domini (Movieola! and The Sea-Gods Herb), Peter Stenson (Thirty-Seven), and Alice Hatcher, author of The Wonder That Was Ours, which was chosen as last yea rs winner.Whether you are a new, upcoming, agented, un-agented, or established writer, this contest is open for you to submit. The only requirement is that all works must be previously unpublished novel-length manuscripts and should include a brief synopsis, author bio, and contact information. Also, the contest judges as that you format your manuscript as a Word .doc or .docx file.The contest is open for submissions from March 1st, 2018 through midnight on September 30th, 2018, with finalist announced on the Dzanc web page on November 15th.ExOphidia Press Third Annual Poetry PrizeDeadline: August 31, 2018Entry Fee: $25.00 USDThe Third Annual Poetry Prize, offered by ExOphidia Press, is open to all English language authors who have a poetry book manuscript. Authors should submit a manuscript between 64 and 84 numbered pages, including the title page and the Table of Contents, and the manuscript should be single-spaced and a Word document. You should not include any illustrations or graphics, nor include your name anywhere within the manuscript. Manuscripts are accepted via Submittable and will be judged by Richard-Gabriel Rummonds, an internationally acclaimed author of 14 books and a former handpress printer.The Booksie 2018 Poetry ContestDeadline: September 30, 2018Entry Fee: $6.95 USDIf you think you should be crowned Poet Laureate of 2018, heres your opportunity (in Booksies world, at least). In addition to being crowned Booksie Gold Poet Laureate, the winner of The Booksie 2018 Poetry Contest will receive a $1,000 cash award, a Gold winner badge for their website, and one free week of boosts for their winning story (boosting features the story in front of Booksies millions of monthly readers). Additionally, two runner-ups will receive a cash prize of $150, a Silver winner badge for their website, and One week of boosts. Booksie is accepting poetry of any type, length or content, as long as its absolutely original. According to the website, theyre looking for everything from serious to whimsical, fact to fiction, and anything that strikes a chord with readers. Poets can submit as many entries as theyd like and judging will be done in rounds, with six finalists selected (five selected from the editorial team and a sixth selected by Booksie readers).The 2018 Quill Prose AwardDeadline: April 1 â€" August 31, 2018Entry Fee: $10.00 USDThe 2018 Quill Prose Award recipient will be awarded $1,000 and book publication through Red Hen Press, a small press committed to publishing works of literary excellence, supporting diversity, and promoting literacy in local schools. Submissions must be 150+ pages of prose written by a queer writer and will be Judged by David Francis. Past winners include 2017s The Falls of the Wyona by David Brendan Hopes and 2016s Scissors, Paper, Stone by Martha K. Davis.Wheelbarrow Books Poetry PrizeDeadline: October 1, 2018Entry Fee: $25.00 USDThe RCAH Center for Poetry at Michigan State University, in cooperation with the MSU Press, is accepting submissions for The 2018 Wheelbarrow Books Poetry Prize. A $1,000 award will be granted to the winner, in addition to publication in Spring 2020 under the Wheelbarrow Books imprint. This biannual poetry contest awards $1,000 and book publication to one established poet and one new poet annually. Submissions are now open to authors of at least one full-length collection of poetry.The FC2 Ronald Sukenick Innovative Fiction ContestDeadline: November 1, 2018Entry Fee: $25.00 USDIf you have not previously published, The FC2 Ronald Sukenick Innovative Fiction Contest is open to you through Fiction Collective Two. Manuscripts may include a collection of short stories, one or more novellas, or a novel of any length, even if it has been published in another magazine or anthology. Your manuscript must be anonymously submitted, and your name or address cannot appear anywhere on the manuscript. Pages should be numbered consecutively and all files should be uploaded as a MS Word document or PDF. Judges include: Jeffrey DeShell, Michael Mejia, Lance Olsen, Matthew Roberson, Joanna Ruocco, and Elisabeth Sheffield.Catherine Doctorow Innovative Fiction PrizeDeadline: November 1, 2018.Entry Fee: $25.00 USDIf you are a more established writer and have had at least three books of fiction published, this is the writing contest for you. The FC2 Catherine Doctorow Innovative Fiction Prize requires three previously published novels and submissions that may include a collection of short stories, one or more novellas, or a novel of any length. Manuscripts must be anonymously submitted, and the title page should contain the title of the manuscript only. Pages should be numbered consecutively. Files should be uploaded as a MS Word document or PDF. The winner, who will be announced in May 2019, will receive a $15,000 prize and and publication by FC2, an imprint of the University of Alabama Press. You dont have to worry about length as there is no requirement a nd if your work has previously been published (either self-published or otherwise), it will also be considered. Judges are Jeffrey DeShell, Noy Holland, Lance Olsen, Michael Mejia, Matthew Roberson, Joanna Ruocco, and Elisabeth Sheffield.

Banned Books History and Quotes

Books are banned for any number of reasons. Whether the controversial content they contain has been found offensive on political, religious, sexual, or other grounds, they are removed from libraries, bookstores, and  classrooms in an effort to keep the public from being harmed by ideas, information, or language that does not conform to societal norms. In America, those who champion the Constitution and The Bill of Rights consider book banning a form of censorship, arguing that its very nature directly contradicts the First Amendment right to free speech. The History of Banned Books In the past, banned books were routinely burned. Their authors were often unable to publish their work, and in the worst-case scenario they were ostracized from society, jailed, exiled—and even threatened with death. Likewise, during certain periods of history and even today in places of extremist political or religious regimes, possessing banned books or other written material may be regarded as an act of treason or heresy, punishable by death, torture, prison, and other forms of retribution. Perhaps the best-known case of recent state-sponsored censorship in its most extreme form was the 1989 fatwa  issued by Irans Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini calling for the death of author Salman Rushdie in response to his novel, The Satanic Verses, which was deemed an abomination against Islam. While the death order against Rushdie has since been lifted, in July of 1991, Hitoshi Igarashi, a 44-year-old an assistant professor of comparative culture at Tsukuba University who was translating the book into Japanese, was murdered. Earlier that year, another translator, Ettore Capriolo, 61, was stabbed in his apartment in Milan. (Capriolo survived the attack.) But book banning—and burning—is nothing new. In China, the Qin dynasty  (221–206  BCE) was ushered in with a massive book burning during which most of the original copies of the classic works of Confucious were destroyed. When the Han dynasty  (206  BCE—220 CE) took power, Confucious came back into favor. His works were subsequently recreated by scholars who had memorized them in their entirety—which is likely the reason so many versions currently exist. Nazi Book Burning The most infamous book burning in the 20th century took place in the 1930s as the Nazi party, led by Adolf Hitler, came to power in Germany. On May 10, 1933, university students burned more than 25,000 books in Berlin’s Opera Square that did not align with Nazi ideals. College students from universities across Germany followed suit. Both public and university libraries were ransacked. The books taken were used to fuel huge bonfires that were often accompanied by marshal music and â€Å"fire oaths† denouncing anyone whose thoughts, lifestyle, or beliefs were deemed â€Å"un-German.† It was the beginning of a period of extreme state-sponsored censorship and cultural control. The goal of the Nazis was to purify German literature by ridding it of foreign influences or anything that spoke against their belief in German racial superiority. Writings of intellectuals, especially those of Jewish origin, were targeted. One American author whose works met the same fate was  Helen Keller, a deaf/blind human rights activist who was also a devout socialist. Her writing, as exemplified by the 1913 publication,  Out of the Dark: Essays, Letters, and Addresses on Physical and Social Vision, championed the disabled and advocated for pacifism, better conditions for industrial workers, and voting rights for women. Kellers collection of essays titled How I Became a Socialist (Wie ich Sozialistin wurde) was among the works the Nazis burned. Quotes on Censorship â€Å"You may burn my books and the books of the best minds in Europe, but the ideas those books contain have passed through millions of channels and will go on.†Ã¢â‚¬â€Helen Keller from her  Open Letter to German Students   â€Å"Because all books are forbidden when a country turns to terror. The scaffolds on the corners, the list of things you may not read. These things always go together.†Ã¢â‚¬â€¢Philippa Gregory from  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Queens Fool† â€Å"I hate it that Americans are taught to fear some books and some ideas as though they were diseases.†Ã¢â‚¬â€¢Kurt Vonnegut â€Å"The important task of literature is to free man, not to censor him, and that is why Puritanism was the most destructive and evil force which ever oppressed people and their literature: it created hypocrisy, perversion, fears, sterility.†Ã¢â‚¬â€¢Anaà ¯s Nin from  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Diary of Anaà ¯s Nin: Volume 4† â€Å"If this nation is to be wise as well as strong, if we are to achieve our destiny, then we need more new ideas for more wise men reading more good books in more public libraries. These libraries should be open to all—except the censor. We must know all the facts and hear all the alternatives and listen to all the criticisms. Let us welcome controversial books and controversial authors. For the Bill of Rights is the guardian of our security as well as our liberty.†Ã¢â‚¬â€¢President John F. Kennedy â€Å"What is freedom of expression? Without the freedom to offend, it ceases to exist.†Ã¢â‚¬â€¢Salman Rushdie The Definitive Book on Book Burning Ray Bradburys 1953 dystopian novel Fahrenheit 451 offers a chilling look at an American society in which books are outlawed and any found are incinerated. (The title refers to the temperature at which paper ignites.) Ironically, Fahrenheit 451 has found itself on several banned books lists. â€Å"A book is a loaded gun in the house next door...Who knows who might be the target of the well-read man?†Ã¢â‚¬â€From Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury The Book Banning Pendulum Swings Both Ways Books that have a history of having been banned, even those now restored to the so-called canon of respectable reading, are still considered banned books from a historical perspective. By discussing the machinations behind the banning of such books in the context of the time and place in which they were banned, we gain insight into the rules and mores of the society responsible for the censorship. Many books considered tame by todays standards—including Aldous Huxleys Brave New World and James Joyces Ulysses—were once hotly debated works of literature. On the flip side, classic books such as Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn have recently come under fire for cultural viewpoints and/or language that was accepted at the time of publication but is longer deemed socially or politically correct. Even works by Dr. Seuss (a vocal anti-fascist) and acclaimed childrens author Maurice Sendak, along with L. Frank Baums The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, have been banned or challenged at one time or another. Currently, in some conservative communities, theres a push to ban J.K. Rowlings Harry Potter series books, which detractors claim are guilty of promoting anti-Christian values and violence. Keeping the Banned Book Discussion Alive Launched in 1982, Banned Books Week, an annual end-of-September event sponsored by the American Library Association and Amnesty International, focuses on books that are currently being challenged as well as those that have been banned in the past and highlights the struggles of writers whose works fall outside some of societys norms. According to its organizers, this weeklong celebration of controversial reading stresses the importance of ensuring the availability of those unorthodox or unpopular viewpoints to all who wish to read them. As society evolves, so does the perception of what literature is deemed appropriate reading. Of course, just because a book has been banned or challenged in some parts of the United States doesnt mean the ban is nationwide. While Amnesty International has cited only a few writers from China, Eritrea, Iran, Myanmar, and Saudi Arabia who have been persecuted for their writings, for those who consider reading a human right, its important to keep abreast of incidents of book banning around the world. Sources Helen Keller Writes a Letter to Nazi Students Before They Burn Her Book: History Has Taught You Nothing If You Think You Can Kill Ideas’†. OpenSource. May 16, 2007Weisman, Steven R. Japanese Translator of Rushdie Book Found Slain. The New York Times. July 13, 1991

Job Description Of An Accounting System - 885 Words

Job Description An Accounting Systems Auditor examines accounting records and management systems to assess their efficiency and determine whether they are working as expected or not. The role of an Accounting Systems Auditor entails meeting auditees to cultivate a good set-up for auditing and to help them understand business processes. They collect information and documents from staff and clients and research on how to implement the best systems for the company. They also research and document the efficiency of risk management systems in business, facilitating staff and managers to learn the working of the systems. They conduct a risk assessment and report the results, which they in turn use to come up with policies to manage any†¦show more content†¦The average local rate, therefore, can be put at averagely 55,000 USD for entry level jobs (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics). This amount is expected to increase steadily based on experience. Informational Interview The informational interview was conducted by Adrianna Ion, the Accounting Systems Manager and consultant at Hilltop Advisors. As an Accounting Systems Manager, she prepares financial statements and compiles balance sheets, works with auditors in managing the auditing. She also monitors the company’s finance reports to ensure that they are accurate. Adrianna is also in charge of the company systems, ensuring their efficiency. The work environment is full of stressful, tense moments, strict deadlines and sometimes very long working hours. The work requires attention to detail and excellent reporting skills beside the technical know-how. Ms. Ion holds a business degree from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. She has also attained her MBA and is a registered member of the accounting professional bodies. The challenges that come with the job are the peak times for auditing which have so many deliverables and limited time. She advises that students in this field s hould aim at going for further studies and taking examinations to be registered as members of accounting

Blending and Sounding Free Essays

Grapheme-phoneme requires a great deal of sound mimicking from the students, visual and material presentation, as well as word utilization. The teacher should first understand that the alphabet is known to be units which have its own unique sound. Thus, the teacher should clearly establish that there are certain instances wherein sounds in a word constitute more than a single alphabet. We will write a custom essay sample on Blending and Sounding or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also, students should clearly identify that speech is composed of a variety of sounds. There are different areas that students need to fully practice to enable themselves to comprehend the concept of graphemes-phonemes and enhance their reading skills. These are (1) awareness of the relationship between sounds and words, (2) understanding the connection of a letter to a sound, (3) utilizing the relationship between letters and phonemes to identify printed words then read and spell them, and (4) understand what is read (Good III, Simmons Smith, 1998). To do this, the teacher should first tell the students that they will be studying a new sound. The teacher should then demonstrate how the new sound is enunciated. The enunciation of the sound to be taught should then be mimicked by the students to establish that the students become fully familiar of the sound. This should be done repeatedly until all the students follow through with the sound enunciation and pronunciation. After the sound has been mimicked and has become familiar by the students, the teacher should then show a visual of the letters comprising the sound. This would make the students identify the sound as a grapheme-phoneme for this specific sound does not consist of a single alphabet but a group of it. To fully make the students understand that there are more than one letter that constitutes this certain sound, the teacher should have some of the students assist in holding separate visuals to make the students aware that the symbols are more than just one. After establishing to the students the information that there is more than just one alphabet that makes up the sound taught, the teacher could further make the students understand on their own that the alphabets being presented are separate by having them enunciate the sound of each letter individually. However, the teacher should have the students know that despite of the individual sounds these separate letters make; it still creates a new sound when combined. Since the students are familiarized with the letter composition of the sound, the teacher should then make the students understand that these sounds are used in words. To do this, the teacher should make use of words that comprises these grapheme-phonemes. He/she could utilize different materials that would help the students identify a word that contains this sound. And ultimately, the students should then become familiar with the word, enunciate it correctly, and understand the word completely. References Adams, M. J. (1990). Beginning to read: Thinking and learning about print. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Good III, R. H. Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS) with CBM. Early Childhood Research Institute on Measuring Growth and Development. Eugene, OR. The National Strategies, Department for Children, Schools and Families (Producer) Phase 3: Teaching grapheme–phoneme correspondence and practising oral blending. Retrieved from http://nationalstrategies. standards. dcsf. gov. uk/node/85419 February 17, 2009. Wren, S. Phoneme Awareness. Developing Research-Based Resources for the Balanced Reading Teacher. Retrieved from http://www. balancedreading. com/phonemeawareness. html February 17, 2008 How to cite Blending and Sounding, Papers

Rhetorical Analysis on Benjamin Bannekers Letter free essay sample

Benjamin Banneker wrote this letter to attempt to make the Secretary of State, Thomas Jefferson, aware of the oppressive and horrifying nature of the slave trade that Bannekers ancestors had been in for generations. Banneker uses tone, ethos, logos, pathos, syntax, juxtaposition, and scheme to sympathize with Jefferson about former hardships to perhaps reach common ground. The tone of the letter is elevated and sympathetic, the sympathetic tone appealing to the pathos of the reader, in this case Thomas Jefferson and the elevated tone appealing to the ethos of the reader. Banneker appeals to ethos by stating that he too has been through horrifying adversities, as Jefferson has, in trying to achieve freedom and independence. This and the use of elevated diction, aids Banneker in establishing himself as a reliable source. He appeals to logos by quoting exact phrases from reliable sources, including Jeffersons own words in the Declaration of Independence (i. We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Analysis on Benjamin Bannekers Letter or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page e. We hold these truths to be self-evident ) and Jobs words (i. e. put your souls in their souls instead) to further his point. He appeals to pathos by continuously referring to the trials and hardships that Thomas Jefferson and Americans alike had to face in order to gain their freedom (i. e. the American Revolution and independence from England), while, at the same time, relating those hardships to his own brethrens hardships (i. e. the struggle for emancipation of slaves). Bannekers tone in this passage was elevated, formal, and sympathetic. He used an elevated tone in order to appeal to the higher-class society and educated patriots, such as Thomas Jefferson. Banneker uses elevated diction such as fortitude, abhorrence thereof, thus, and brethren to seem educated and civilized and to set a formal tone. He begins many of his phrases with the word sir which was intended to demonstrate his submission to authority. He uses abstract diction to vivify the true horrors and tribulations faced by slaves and add to the sympathetic tone of the letter. Bannekers use of syntax stands out in this passage. His use of syntax is strong because three of the four paragraphs contain a single sentence perhaps showing that these hardships seemed to have no end, but also to build up anticipation, almost forcing the reader to continue. Banneker also used scheme by juxtaposing the two similar situations that both he and Jefferson faced and elaborating on and comparing each. He achieves this by stating that: Jefferson, along with the rest of America at the time, faced the oppression of the British Crown and a variety of threats; and Bannekers brethren faced similar oppression and injustice from the United States government and supporters of the slave trade. Bannekers main purpose for writing this letter to Thomas Jefferson was to bring to light the adversity and trials of the slave community by juxtaposing the similar hardships faced by the audience he was attempting to appeal to, Thomas Jefferson, using: a formal and sympathetic tone; elevated diction; scheme; and appeals to ethos, logos, and pathos.

Awesome Love Quotes Through the Ages

Awesome Love Quotes Through the Ages What is love without expression? One of the ways to express love is by writing the classic love letter. If you happen to be the inventive and poetic kind, then writing a love letter is probably effortless. However, if you are a regular person who wants to pen a few lines for your beloved, then the following awesome love quotes could be of help. Paulo Coelho I love you because the entire universe conspired to help me find you. Phoenix Flame Marriage is love personified. Swedish Proverb Love is like dew that falls on both nettles and lilies. Turkish Proverb Young love is from the earth, and late love is from heaven. Douglas Yates People who are sensible about love are incapable of it. Henry Miller â€Å"The only thing we never get enough of is love; and the only thing we never give enough of is love.† James D. Bryden Love does not die easily. It is a living thing. It thrives in the face of all of   lifes  hazards, save  one: neglect. Anonymous The essential sadness is to go through life without loving. But it would be almost equally sad to leave this world without ever telling those you loved that you love them. Herman Hesse â€Å"If I know what love is, it is because of you.† Some of us think holding on makes us  strong; but  sometimes it is letting go. Jorge Luis Borges To fall in love is to create a religion that has a fallible god. Gregory Maguire †¦and he kissed her and kissed her and kissed her, little by little by little. D. H. Lawrence I am in love - and, my God, it is the greatest thing that can happen to a man. I tell you, find a woman you can fall in love with. Do it. Let yourself fall in love. If you have not done so already, you are wasting your life. Julian Barnes Love is just a system for getting someone to call you darling after sex. Isha McKenzie-Mavinga On reflection, one of the things I needed to learn was to allow myself to be loved. Edmond Medina Things we do, we do for ourselves. But that which we love we have no choice but to give away. Norman Lindsay The best love affairs are those we never had. English Proverb Faults are thick where love is thin. Fyodor Dostoevski Love in action is a harsh and dreadful thing compared with love in dreams. Lao Tzu Being deeply loved by someone gives you strength, while loving someone deeply gives you courage. Friedrich Nietzsche Women can form a  friendship  with a man very  well; but  to preserve it to that end a slight physical antipathy must probably help. Barbara Bush I married the first man I ever kissed. When I tell this to my children, they just about throw up. Sara Paddison As you continue to send out love, the energy returns to you in a regenerating spiral... As love accumulates, it keeps your system in balance and harmony. Love is the tool, and more love is the end product. Jane Austen You pierce my soul. I am half agony, half hope†¦I have loved none but you.

An Introduction to DataSet in VB.NET

An Introduction to DataSet in VB.NET Much of Microsofts data technology, ADO.NET, is provided by the DataSet object. This object reads the database and creates an in-memory copy of that part of the database that your program needs. A DataSet object usually corresponds to a real database table or view, but DataSet is a disconnected view of the database. After ADO.NET creates a DataSet, there is no need for an active connection to the database, which helps in scalability because the program only has to connect with a database server for microseconds when reading or writing. In addition to being reliable and easy to use, DataSet supports both a hierarchical view of the data as XML and a relational view that you can manage after your program disconnects. You can create your own unique views of a database using DataSet. Relate DataTable objects to each other with DataRelation objects. You can even enforce data integrity using the UniqueConstraint and ForeignKeyConstraint objects. The simple example below uses only one table, but you can use multiple tables from different sources if you need them. Coding a VB.NET DataSet This code creates a DataSet with one table, one column, and two rows: Dim ds As New DataSet Dim dt As DataTable Dim dr As DataRow Dim cl As DataColumn Dim i As Integer dt New DataTable() cl New DataColumn( theColumn, Type.GetType(System.Int32)) dt.Columns.Add(cl) dr dt.NewRow() dr(theColumn) 1 dt.Rows.Add(dr) dr dt.NewRow() dr(theColumn) 2 dt.Rows.Add(dr) ds.Tables.Add(dt) For i 0 To ds.Tables(0).Rows.Count - 1 Console.WriteLine( ds.Tables(0).Rows(i).Item(0).ToString) Next i The most common way  to create a DataSet is to use the Fill method of the DataAdapter object. Heres a tested program example: Dim connectionString As String Data SourceMUKUNTUWEAP; Initial CatalogBooze; Integrated SecurityTrue Dim cn As New SqlConnection(connectionString) Dim commandWrapper As SqlCommand New SqlCommand(SELECT * FROM RECIPES, cn) Dim dataAdapter As SqlDataAdapter New SqlDataAdapter Dim myDataSet As DataSet New DataSet dataAdapter.SelectCommand commandWrapper dataAdapter.Fill(myDataSet, Recipes) The DataSet can then be treated as a database in your program code. The syntax doesnt require it, but you will normally provide the name of the DataTable to load the data into. Heres an example showing how to display a field. Dim r As DataRow For Each r In myDataSet.Tables(Recipes).Rows Console.WriteLine(r(RecipeName).ToString()) Next Although the DataSet is easy to use, if raw performance is the goal, you might be better off writing more code and using the DataReader instead. If you need to update the database after changing the DataSet, you can use the Update method of the DataAdapter object, but you have to make sure that the DataAdapter properties are set correctly with SqlCommand objects. SqlCommandBuilder is usually used to do this. Dim objCommandBuilder As New SqlCommandBuilder(dataAdapter) dataAdapter.Update(myDataSet, Recipes) DataAdapter figures out what has changed and then executes an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE command, but as with all database operations, updates to the database can run into problems when the database is being updated by other users, so you often need to include code to anticipate and solve problems when changing the database. Sometimes, only a DataSet does what you need. If you need a collection and youre serializing the data, a DataSet is the tool to use. You can quickly serialize a DataSet to XML by calling the WriteXML method. DataSet is the most likely object you will use for programs that reference a database. Its the core object used by ADO.NET, and it is designed to be used in a disconnected mode.

Management Report on the Analysis of the Strategic Situation of ARM Essay - 1

Management Report on the Analysis of the Strategic Situation of ARM Holdings - Essay Example The main objective of the report is to understand the strategic initiatives that ARM Holdings takes to gain a formidable stand in the microprocessor market in United Kingdom. Herein the paper focuses on the business and gross environment of the company in regards to the United Kingdom market for microprocessors and then endeavours to understand the strategic initiatives taken by the company in that regard. The paper focuses to understand the strategic position of the company in regards to its different competitors operating in the United Kingdom market. In the second phase the company focuses on the analysis of the industrial and macro environment of the company in regards to the United Kingdom market to understand its relative position in the enhanced market. The paper moves on to discuss the strategic elements incorporated by the business corporation to sustain its competitive and business position in the market. Here the paper incorporates separate strategic tools to evaluate the position of the company in the United Kingdom microprocessor market. After conducting the evaluation of the strategic position of the company in the United Kingdom region in regards to other competitors and general and specific business environment the paper tends to draw effective recommendations. In regards to recommendations it is stated that how the company can help develop on its business and gain a la rger market in the region.

The Kabsa Dish Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Kabsa Dish - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that kabsa belongs to a family of mixed rice food that is mainly consumed in Jordan and Saudi Arabia though believed to be indigenous to Yemen. In Saudi Arabia, this food is considered a national dish. Kabsa is referred to as marchbus in the Gulf countries, but the preparation is the same as in Saudi Arabia. This dish is prepared by mixing different spices, rice, meat, and vegetables. Spices commonly used in kabsa preparation are; black pepper, clove, cardamom, saffron, cinnamon, black lime, bay leaves and nutmeg. The prime taste of this food largely depends on the spices used in its preparation. Lamb, chicken, goat, camel meat or at times beef, fish, and shrimp is the main ingredient that is mixed with the spices. Almonds, pine nuts, onions, and sultanas may be added to the mixture of spices, rice, and meat as flavor supplements. The researcher tells that in Australia he still eats the dish occasionally though not as frequent as in Saudi A rabia. Whenever he sees it in a plate, it reminds him of the wonderful moments they have when eating the kabsa in Saudi Arabia. Sometimes it creates illusions in his mind. The author gets the images of how people laugh while eating the dish in Saudi Arabian hotels. Its aroma reminds him of his neighbors back in Saudi Arabia and the beautiful moments he spent with friends and relatives there. The illusions at other times involve images of the buildings in Saudi Arabia. The kabsa actually makes the author feel very much connected to Saudi Arabia.

The Manager Of Subway Supacenta On Improving Management

The Manager Of Subway Supacenta On Improving Management Subway SupaCenta Manukau wanted to explore and research about the possible factors that are influencing the customer service satisfaction. The research report included the current trends and circumstances that may or may not affect the performance of the Subway SupaCenta. The researcher did a pilot study to explore and examine the possible problems and factors that has adverse effects on the overall customer service satisfaction. After a preliminary study some general problems were found like communication among staff members and with the customers, unreliable suppliers, lack of motivation among staff members, cultural differences, wastage of food etc. All these problems lead to poor customer service and ends up with many customer complaints because the customers were not satisfied with the service provided by the staff members. After a thorough study, author identifies the main problem as lack of motivation in staff members. Author used quantitative as well as qualitative techniques to investigate more about these problems. The author used many methods to research about all the problems. The main techniques used by the author are document analysis, questionnaires, observations, interviews. Document analysis provides a lot more information about the working schedules, operations manual and sales. The author was able to work on these documents to analyze the current situation. Questionnaires were used to get the information from customers. Interviews were conducted with manager and assistant manager to get more information from top level. So the overall problem identification research was conducted with the use of various techniques and methods and various management theories were used in the whole process. In the end conclusions were drawn based on the findings and relevant recommendations were provided. Introduction The Setting Subway SupaCenta is a fast food restaurant located in SupaCenta in Manukau. Subway is very popular because of the healthy food products. It is growing rapidly in the country and whole world. It is famous for the fresh food products made in front of the customers with a quick and friendly customer service. Subway is in a high demand for health conscious people. At the time of this high demand among people, Subway is struggling because of various internal and external problems that trigger the poor customer service. The author selected this organization to examine the issues and factors that create the problems and affect the overall performance. This investigation examines the administration, management and staff level factors that cause adverse effects on the overall organization performance. The Business Problem The business problem is identified as lack of motivation among the staff members which cause the poor customer service. All the other problems like communication, wastage of food, cultural differences are interlinked with the motivation problem and organizational structure. This business problem involves the organization culture, routine work, management etc. Motivation Problem (Poor Customer Service) Communication Problem Wastage of Food Shortage of Staff Cultural Differences Miscellaneous Problems Figure 1. Factors affecting Customer Service This research is completed by answering the below given questions. These questions are suitable and relevant to the organization and identified problem. There is a huge opportunity to investigate and find out the possible solutions and recommendations: What are the organizational factors that influence the performance of the staff members? What are the process factors which contribute to the customer service? What are the motivation problems in the Subway SupaCenta? What people factors influence the customer service at Subway SupaCenta? The Value of Research The research is adequate and relevant for the organization to examine and improve the customer service satisfaction. This valuable investigation report presents the current organization procedure and policies, culture, trends and provides the possible recommendations for both internal and external factors. This research will provide the current scenario of the organization which will help the management to put extra efforts where needed. The researcher focused on all the aspects of lack of motivation which could lead to poor customer service. The author provided a clear picture of the aspects affecting the performance using various techniques and analysis. To achieve the organizational goals, management have to deal with these aspects to maximize the productivity and increase the performance. This will bring effectiveness and efficiency in the organization. The Aim and Purpose The aim of this research study is to provide the possible recommendations for the problems in Subway SupaCenta that are identified at earlier stage of this research project. The author provided the possible aspects that trigger the poor customer service which is generated by lack of motivation. Lack of motivation covers current culture, system, management, policies and procedures. The purpose of the study is to improve the customer service satisfaction by motivating the staff members. The purpose includes the possible policy implementations to achieve the desired overall performance. To improve the service, achieve the aim and fulfil the purpose, this research study tries to answer some questions: What are the possible factors affecting the customer service? Why staff members are unmotivated? When there is a need for extra efforts? Who should motivate the staff members? How the staff members will be motivated? Figure 2. Customer service in Action Methodology The Author used qualitative as well as quantitative research instruments to investigate thoroughly about the identified business problem. These instruments provide the logical and analytical information about the current situation. In this research report, author used the below given research instruments: 1. Document Analysis 2. Questionnaires 3. Observation 4. Interviews The methodology and research instruments used in this research report are quite relevant to find out the problem factors and other things that influence the customer service satisfaction. 1. Document Analysis The author was able to do document analysis of company documents. In document analysis, the author research and examine the company sales figures, company operations manual, rosters, company pamphlets etc. Document analysis is very useful resource to examine the company strengths, weaknesses, and also the opportunities with possible threats. Official documents like sales figures were used to check when the company is making huge sales or when its sales are going down. Rosters were also analyzed to check that who is doing the specific shifts and if there is any biasing in the rosters etc. Operations manual of the company was also analyzed to check if the company is doing good and in the proper way as they described or not. 2. Questionnaire Questionnaire was used in this research project. Author asked for permission from the store manager of Subway before using this method. After getting the approval from manager Mr. Shea Tipene author used the questionnaire to collect the qualitative data. Two different questionnaires were prepared for staff and customers. The questionnaire was given to 4 staff members and 8 customers. The researcher especially used this method to collect information from the operational environment. The author uses the technique in a very honest way and didnt try to alter the information in any form. The questionnaires are given as appendix at the end of the report. 3. Observation The researcher used this method to explore the natural scene without any biased assumptions. The permission was taken from the manager to perform this action and he approved it. Observation helps to bring the natural activity. It gives the opportunity to examine the whole process at the level of the subject. This method helped the author to achieve a personal experience with high understanding. Observation was very helpful to get information about staff-customer relationships and also the relationships among all the staff members which shows that how they are coordinating with each other to accomplish their duties. 4. Interview Author used the interview as a technique for this research project. It is very useful to collect qualitative information through formal interviews. The researcher interviewed the manager Mr. Shea Tipene and assistant manger Mr. Jasdeep Singh. In this process, the researcher was very honest and didnt use any emotive language or biased opinion to influence the interviewee. The unstructured interview is best to use when the researcher has general ideas about the topic. Author asked the permission from the manager and assistant manager to conduct the interview. After the final approval, the author prepared the questions for interview. The author was careful while preparing the interview questions so that there are no suggestive or aggressive questions that may offend some people. Author aims to be natural at the time of interview and not the person with some special role or powers. The interview questions are given as appendix at the end of the report. Strengths and Limitations of the Study There are many strengths and limitations to this study. These are given below: Strengths: This study helps to analyze the verbal and non-verbal behaviour of staff members and customers to understand the exact situation. It helps to portray perspectives and pass on the feelings and experiences. It helps to find out the existing problems with the factors that affect the working environment. It provides the useful recommendations for the management to improve the customer service in store. Limitations: Time frame for the study was limited. It took more time to research and analyze as compared to the schedule. Qualitative study is often criticised as being biased, time consuming and useless. Lack of precision is another limitation of this study because in some cases the author may try to use their own views or biasing which could lead to wrong results. Qualitative also lacks any statistical data values which look more promising and real. Management Theory Fish-Bone Analysis The author used the Fish-bone analysis to examine the problems that causes the customer dissatisfaction. This analysis provides a clear picture of what are the key problems that cause the main big problem. This is very suitable problem solving technique because it covers all the aspects of causes that contribute to the big problem. It is very important to explore all the possible causes before starting to solve the problem. A diagram for the Cause and Effect problem solving technique is given below: Figure 3. Fish-Bone Analysis Possible causes as given above in the starting of the report that contribute to the poor customer service are lack of communication, lack of knowledge, wastage of food, lack of power. All these problems arise due to the motivation problem. Employees are not motivated and they dont feel themselves as a part of the store. So if they are not motivated they will try to avoid their responsibilities and will not like to work effectively. The given management theory is relevant for the identified business problem of lack of motivation in customer service among staff members. It is reasonably feasible and relevant to the company because the aim of the company is to provide quality food products with great service. If the customer service in the company is not up to the standards, it will affect the productivity and company will loose the profits. Lack of motivation can led to various problems like wastage of food, misbehave with customers, negative work environment etc. So the fish-bone analysis provides a clearer picture of what is actually happening in store. So this method is quite relevant and feasible to the given problem and will provide relevant results to improve the service and productivity of the store. Results and Discussion 1. Document Analysis The author used the document analysis technique to find out the reasons of problems related to the poor customer service. Staff was not feeling motivated because there are too many problems in store that lead to poor customer satisfaction. The author used the documents like rosters and Subway operations manual to find out what is main reason behind their low motivation. The author checked the roster of 4 weeks to find out how the staff members are getting hours. The roster was mainly analyzed for 4 staff members on an average to find out the result. Figure 4. Staff hours for four Weeks So the above graph shows that there is a huge difference of shifts between staff members. So some staff members getting more hours that the others that affects their performance. Here in this case Aashish is getting more hours than other staff members whereas Wini is doing an average hours but other staff members are getting less hours. The above graph represents that there is a case of biasing in giving staff hours among staff members. The staff members that are getting more hours will be more motivated than other staff members. The employee that gets less hours will feel dissatisfied and will not like to work honestly, efficiently and up-to his best possible efforts. They will not feel valued and will try to avoid their responsibilities which could lead to poor communication, poor customer service and overall poor performance. The author also used the Subway operations manual which discusses about the motivation among staff members. It describes that management should motivate staff members as much as possible to get the best out of them. If the employees are motivated they will feel valued and will work honestly and effectively to get the best results which will increase their productivity and service performance. 2. Questionnaire The author used the questionnaires to collect the qualitative information from the customers and staff members to find out the possible reasons and factors that affect the performance of the employees. The author provided two different questionnaires for staff and customers. Staff Questionnaire Answer Figure 5. Questionnaire response from Staff The results of the questionnaire shows that the employees are not satisfied with their job. They dont like the management, the salary or fairness towards all the staff members. It shows that they are not motivated and feels unhappy when performing their jobs. This whole process affects their performance which in turn decreases the productivity and customer satisfaction. Customer Questionnaire Figure 6. Questionnaire Response from Customers The customer questionnaire shows that there is big percentage of customers that are not dissatisfied with the customer service of the store. They feel de-motivated and dont like to visit the store again. Store is doing well in terms of sales because of its location but the service performance level is going down which is a big problem for the business. 3. Observation The author used observation technique to collect the qualitative data. The results of observation provide a quite big picture which shows the problem factors. This technique provides enough information about the contributing factors and their percentage. To observe the current situation of the store, the author visited the store 4 times in 2 weeks to get the multiple results. For two days author visited the store in the lunch time and for other two days he visited the store in evening just before the dinner time. Figure 7. Observation Results. So the above graph represents that there are too many problems in store that contribute to the poor customer service. Employees lacks in communication. They try to avoid customers which bring the negative feedback from customer. Employees are not trained properly and they have less knowledge about the nutritional facts of the sandwiches which is another big problem. If some customer asked for some information, the staff members are unable to provide the up to date information to that related topic. So the above graph shows that communication is the biggest problem in this store. They need to improve the communication skills to improve the overall productivity of the staff. According to the Subway operations manual, the staff members should be aware of everything that they selling so proper training is needed to improve the service All the above given factors are a result of the lack of motivation. These factors are influenced by the motivation factor. If the staff members are not motivated then they will not show willingness to learn new things and get the training about the proper policy and procedures. 4. Interviews The author conducted two different interviews with store manager Mr. Shea Tipene and assistant manager Mr. Jasdeep Singh. Formal permission was taken from the manager before interview. The interview shows that the manager Shea Tipene has the full control over the store management and employees. He likes the authoritarian approach in store. The interview questions and answers are provided in the appendices. The results of the interview with Mr. Shea Tipene represent him as an autocratic leader which makes it difficult for other employees to talk to him if they need. The results are shown as a chart below: Figure 8. Interview Results from Manager. After conducting the interview with store manager author also conducted a second interview with assistant manager Mr. Jasdeep Singh. The interview statistics shows that Mr. Jasdeep Singh is very democratic person. He loves to talk to employees and get their comments to improve the service. But he got fewer powers than store manager so in some cases he feels helpless to do some specific activity. Figure 9. Interview results from Assistant Manager. So the above graph represents that he is a democratic leader which loves to talk to employees to solve problem, improve performance and improve the overall productivity and efficiency. A List of Possible Solutions and their Consequences There are a lot of possible solutions that are useful to solve the problems of this store. A list of possible solutions and consequences is given below in a table format. No. Solutions Consequences 1 More training to staff members. Management need to spend more money. 2. Delegation of Powers. Management need to divide authority powers should provide more responsibilities and power to assistant manager. 3. Benefits and Allowances. Management need to spend more money 4. Fairness. Management should set the standard to provide a fair opportunity for everyone. So everyone should be treated equally and should get equal opportunities. 5. Education Management should provide education about customer service and provide courses through Subway University. Table 1. A List of Possible Solutions and their Consequences McGregors XY Management Theory The author used the McGregors XY Theory of management to examine and analyze the problems in Subway SupaCenta store. McGregors XY theory helps to improve the organizational cultural and development. McGregor provide fundamental approach to manage the people and businesses. This theory provides two sub theories X and Y. Some managers use theory X which is mainly authoritarian management style and some manager use theory Y which is more democratic and participative kind of management style. Figure 10. McGregors Theory X Y The management theory used in this research project is very relevant to analyze the situations in Subway. This provides the information about current management style in store and the effects of the particular management style. This theory recommends that the people can perform better if they are motivated properly by the top management. Encouraging the participation brings the motivation in employees. This theory explains that the people are not lazy by nature but if they get a right amount of motivation then they can bring the best out of them. Theory Y encourages team work, removing obstacles, providing the guidance to increase the productivity and growth. These techniques will help the organization to match the goal of the employees with organizational goals. Theory X and Theory Y are quite different from each other. Theory X is more conservative, authoritarian, rigid and static but theory Y is more flexible, dynamic and progressive with a feeling of optimism. This theory encoura ges self-direction and integration of goals. The given management XY management theory is quite relevant to the business problem. Theory X is related to more autocratic style of leadership and Theory Y is more related to democratic style. So it is quite helpful for the above given problems. It will help to find the problems and provide the relevant solutions. Evidence of Original Research The whole research process was original and personally performed by the author. He conducted interviews, provide questionnaires and observe the situation in store personally. For the evidence, there are questionnaires, interview questions and answers are given in the appendices. Conclusions Recommendations Conclusions: In the conclusion author provides the results of the whole research report. The author found out various problems in the Subway SupaCenta and was discussed in the first assignment. Out of all the problems, the author chooses one big problem as lack of motivation. These problems have further small problems that affect the overall performance. The results helped the author to get the conclusion of this report. In the conclusion, the author explains that the problem lack of motivation was the biggest problem in store. The employees are not motivated to work in the store which is the biggest problem. If the employees are not motivated they are not in a mood to listen what the manager is saying or what the customer wants. There are too many problems that affect the staff performance and overall customer service. The author used the qualitative techniques such as observation, interviews to find out the personal views of managers and customers and to observe the staff performan ce in store at various times. So in the end author defined the big problem (Lack of Motivation) with various sub-problems. Motivation Problem Lack of Fairness Lack of Communication Lack of Knowledge Lack of Training Conclusions are based on the original research conducted by the author. For the evidence, the author provided interview questions and customer satisfaction survey forms in the appendices. The Henri Fayols Management Theory The author used the Henri Fayols management theory to discuss the results, conclusions. Fayols provide 14 management principles which help the author to draw the conclusions and recommendations. These principles are given below: Division of Work Staff should be divided into department to increase the output. Authority Managers should use their powers with responsibility. Discipline Discipline is very important in the organization. Unity of Command Employees should have only one direct supervisor. Unity of Direction Employees with the similar objective should be working under one manager. This will increase the coordination. Subordination of Individual Interests to the General Interest The personal interests should be second and companys interests should be first. Remuneration Employees should get a good remuneration for their performance. Centralization The employees should be close enough to the result-making authorities. Scalar Chain Staff members should be aware of their place in the company. Order Management should provide safe and clean working environment. Equity Managers should treat all the employees equally. Stability of Tenure of Personnel Managers needs to work on the employee turn over to increase the productivity at the same time increasing the performance. Initiative Employees should be able to perform some tasks by their own. This will increase their confidence. So managers should be using laissez-faire style for some level. Esprit de Corps Organizations should work hard to promote the team work and unity. Recommendations: In the end, the author provides some recommendations to the management so that they work on it to improve the staff performance to overall increase the productivity. Recommendations are relevant, feasible and practical. Some of the recommendations are given below: Training: Management should provide more training to the staff members to get the best out of them. Training will improve their knowledge. Fairness: Staff should be treated equally with fairness. This will help them to feel attached to the company. Improve Communication: The Communication problem was the biggest problem among employees. This will help them to be confident and they will be more friendly with the customers. Delegation: Delegation of powers is another main factor that will help to divide the powers among employees. This will help them to feel more motivated and valued for the company. Benefits to employees: Benefits are the biggest motivators for everyone. Management should set a standard that if the employees are working up to that standard then they will get some extra benefits and allowances. Bigger Store: The management should try to get a bigger place for the store because some customers had given the feedback about that. So that will help to increase the sales. References: http://www.vectorstudy.com/management_theories/theory_X_and_Y.htm http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/henri-fayol.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishikawa_diagram http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_03.htm http://www.learnmanagement2.com/fishboneanalysiscauseandeffect.htm http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leadstl.html http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_84.htm

Art History Museum Paper Essay

The Statue of Kaipunesut dates back to the fourth dynasty in the Old Kingdom of Egypt. It was excavated at Saqqara, a vast burial ground. This specific piece was located at the mastaba of Kaemheset, which was Kaipunesut’s brother. It was carved out of acacia wood which is a native timber of Egypt. The native wood did not create the highest standard of sculpture because it was knotty and fibrous which made it difficult to use. The wood was usually painted with bright colors; the body was most likely a reddish/brown color. Although most of this sculpture was preserved, the paint wore off long ago. His belt has his name and â€Å"Royal Carpenter† inscribed which suggested his occupation. It is possible that he was involved with making his own wooden statues. Sculptures based on royalty was made with hard stone to last forever while others of less importance were sculpted with various materials that were not necessarily meant to last. This sculpture is in the round and closed. It has no back rest or support. There are no spaces in the body and the arms are very close to the sides. The pose was very formal with weight put on both legs and facing a frontal direction. The figure is stylized. His face has very large, semicircular eyes and elongated lips. Also, he has broad shoulders and a very thin waist. His fist also appears to be very large. His belt and drapery is form fitting but very rigid and does not flow freely. His body is proportional and appears to follow a grid. This might be because of the times when the king or pharaoh demanded perfection. The calf is bulky and does not show definition. The knee appears somewhat organic but is stylized at the same time. Kaipunesut is in a very rigid standing position. His hands are clenched and his arms are straight down on his sides. One of his legs is in front of the other and both knees are locked. This type of formal pose was very common in sculptures during this ti me and went on for a while afterwards.

Alice Walker And Her Novel The Color Purple - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1591 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/08/07 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Color Purple Essay Did you like this example? Alice Walker is an African American author, novelist, essayist, and poet who writes about freedom (biography.com). She is most known for her novel, The Color Purple, which won a Pulitzer Prize in 1983 (Williams). In Alice Walkers The Color Purple, the main themes expressed throughout the novel are sexism and violence; however, there is also symbolism throughout. On February 9, 1944 in Eatonton, Georgia, Alice Walker was born into a family of sharecroppers. In this rural town, she was the youngest daughter of eight siblings (biography.com). At the age of eight years old, Alice was playing with 2 of her brothers when one accidentally shot her in the right eye with a B.B. gun. She was blinded in her right eye and grew very self conscious, so she stopped going out and doing much. Shortly after this incident, she began to put her thoughts into writing poetry (Napierkowski). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Alice Walker And Her Novel The Color Purple" essay for you Create order Alice and her family lived in the south of Georgia, which was very racially divided, but she was a very intelligent child. She went to the only high school near her that allowed blacks. There she was the valediction of her high school and received a scholarship to attend Spelman College in Atlanta, Georgia in 1961. A couple years later in 1963, Alice transferred to Sarah Lawrence College located in New York. During her time at Sarah Lawrence, she traveled to Africa for a study abroad program (biography.com). In 1965, she graduated with her bachelors degree and shortly after published her first poetry book. Many of the poems in this book were written during her study abroad program in Africa (Kort). After college, she worked as a teacher and lecturer, and she also was majorly involved with the civil rights movement in Mississippi. While in Mississippi, she met Melvyn Leventhal. Melvyn was born in New York City, and he worked as a Jewish lawyer (biography.com). Alice and Melvyn got married in 1967 and were the first couple to be to be interracially married in Jackson, Mississippi (Napierkowski). During their nine years of marriage, they had a daughter together named Rebecca Walker. After her parents divorce in 1976, Rebecca would spend 2 years at a time with each parent. Rebecca doesnt talk to her mother, Alice, much because she thinks her mother neglected her as a child (Kort). Alice Walker began writing novels in 1968, and her first ever novel was published in 1970 ( Napierkowski). Her third novel, The Color Purple, was published in 1982 and became the work she is still well known for today. In 1983, she won the Pulitzer Prize for this novel, which is about a black woman who overcomes sexual abuse by bonding with other women (Williams). Aside from winning the Pulitzer Prize, she also won the National Book Award, the O. Henry Award and the Mahmoud Darwish Literary Prize. In 2006, Alice was entered into the California Hall of Fame and received the LennonOno Peace Award in 2010. Besides being known for being an African American author, she is also known for her work as an activist in the Civil Rights Movement movement (biography.com). The Color Purple got lots of praise, but also received much criticism. Black women admired her for how powerful the novel was (Napierkowski). Today, Alice Walker is seventy four years old. She has a home in Mexico that she lives in during the summer. Her main home is located in California where she has a publishing house. She is still a proud womens activist today. Alice is one of Americas greatest heroes (Kort). The time period of this novel, The Color Purple, was in the 1930s. Many people during this time in Georgia were sharecroppers. The land that the sharecroppers used was owned by their former slave owners. During this time, many things were segregated including the schools and churches. The black and white kids could not even use the same water fountains or eat at the same lunch table. They used different bathrooms, and many of them even went to separate schools. At this time, segregation was legal. Black and whites even had different movie places to attend, and they also lived in different neighborhoods. During this period of segregation, black men and women had an origin in white society. Men take dominance in a white society, meaning they are the controllers of the family. These rules from the white society began to play a role in the black society. This made the black males want dominance which angered some black women (Napierkowski). The 1930s was a total different time than we experience today. Back in the 1930s, the men took dominance over the house. They brought in all the money and controlled the family; meanwhile, the women would stay at home to cook and to do housework. If they had children, the women would take care of them also. Today, men and women split what needs to be done in the house. Most married couples both go to work each day to support their families and either the husband or wife comes home to cook for their spouse and children. They work together to get all the household things done. Next, in the 1930s, there was tons of racism and segregation laws all throughout the country. Today, any type of discrimination in a place of work is illegal. If someone where to discriminate against someone else at work, they could not only lose their job, but also they could be arrested. The people of today do not put up with discrimination because it is wrong. People should not be be discriminated against beca use of their skin color. Also in the 1930s, many African Americans belonged to Baptist churches. Today, many of the African Americans have turned to Muslin religion and completely left Christianity. Lastly, in the 1930s, there was violence against women but the police totally ignored it. Today, any violence again women is completely illegal and is not something to joke around with (Napierkowski). In Alice Walkers The Color Purple, the main themes expressed throughout the novel are sexism and violence; however, there is also symbolism throughout. Sexism plays a major role throughout the novel. During the time of this novel, sexism was a common thing that occurred. This sexism transformed Celie, the main character, from an immature little girl to an independent young women. Celie is told not to tell anyone but God what is going on, so she decided to write letters about the abuse she is receiving. This taught her how to speak up for herself and to be her own person. Without being faced with sexism, Celie might not have ever learned the lessons she did. She has not only became an independent young women, but she doesnt have to hide in the shadows anymore (Napierkowski). She can now be open about her life and what she is going through instead of only being able to write letters to God. Napierkowski said, the major view during this time was that white males could do whatever they pleased with women. This shows the sexism that Celie faced. Along with the theme of sexism, violence played a major role also. Albert, Celies step father, was very violent with her. He would abuse her and he even went so far as to rape her. He treated her like she was nothing and he didnt even care. He would abuse her physically and mentally. Her husband would also beat her for many years. This violence she experienced was life changing. It was common for their culture to be full of violence, mainly why her step father and husband believed in it. While experiencing this violence, Celie tried to be positive and think about positive thoughts. She would think of things she could look forward to instead of thinking of what was happening. She would cope with the violence shed experience by writing to God. This is where she let it all out. One of the main symbols in the novel is the color purple. Purple can mean many things, but in this particular story, it is used to show hope. It stands for all the good things life has to offer instead of focusing on the bad. She may have been drained mentally and emotionally, but in reality she was a survivor. Purple is also a sign of happiness. The hope and happiness that purple represents helps Celie get through this hard time in her life. This word could have the smallest meaning but the symbolism it has means way more than that. This word took Celie a long way. Another symbol used is God. God represents salvation throughout the novel. God is how Celie can keep her sanity (Napierkowski). Celie sees God as a white man with a beard. Later in the story she realizes God has no gender and no race(Walker). Lastly, the finale symbol used is pants. These pants represent Celie transforming from an immature little girl to an independent young woman. She went her whole life not wearing pants because she believe they were strictly for men. She finally decides to wear pants and then made a successful business making them. She stopped seeing them as for a certain gender and began to see that they could be worn by anyone. Alice Walker supports many themes and symbols throughout her novel. She is not only a author, but an inspiration for many who read her award winning novel, The Color Purple. She is also an essayist, novelist and poet, as well as an activist. She is well known for writing about freedom and what that intails.

Hurricane Katrina And The Human Resources - 991 Words

Hurricane Rita destroyed and drove away people but people were to repair houses, structures, and get back to businesses. The business wanted to get back on their feet, but there was only one their normal pace. Hurricanes not only damage buildings and town but also they can damage and kill a company from ever opening again. Hurricane Rita affected the human resources functions because it destroyed homes and business and left the business not able to do business. It frightened people and drove them away. Human resources like the Walmart to bring employees from other towns and put signs up for hiring and they had to increase wages so they could get people to work. It affected Walmart’s all over the United States. Human Resources in were forced to hire untrained workers and train new workers and it took more time and money to get the new employee trained. They had to post job descriptions and job listing everywhere and had to be less meticulous in the hiring process because they needed somebody so fast (Lilly, J., Kavanaugh, J., Zelbst, P., Duffy, J. 2008). Low wageworkers are easier to train and are easily staffed. Rehiring former employees would make the reopening go more efficiently than starting with all new workers. A problem with hireling new workers is that it is costly with training, paperwork, employee tests, interviews, and orientation (Lilly, J., Kavanaugh, J., Zelbst, P., Duffy, J. 2008). A study was conducted that tested how workplace supported theirShow MoreRelatedHurricane Katrin A Devastating Storm1576 Words   |  7 PagesHurricane Katrina was a devastating storm that ravaged New Orleans, but it was more than just a natural disaster. The general public and even some top off icials are quick to dismiss this great storm as an inevitable force of mother nature as if it was just another hurricane of the season. 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